Development Stages

Child growth studies is an interdisciplinary field, which studies the development of a peasant from conception to fryhood through adolescence and emerging maturity date. Child development is divided into three broad domains physical, cognitive, and emotional and social. Some experts state that child development is a continuous process while others argue that it follows noncontinuous st suppurates.Recent theories on child development include information processing, which views the mind as a complex computer ethology, which emphasizes the evolutionary origins and adaptive behavior Vygotskys sociocultural possibleness that focuses on understanding cultural make up ones minds ecological systems theory where environment is believed to play a role in development and active systems perspective according to which changes in physical or social systems bet for a childs behavior (Chapter 1). The characteristics of each individual compute on their genotypes and environment.Chromosomes , which contain genes determine our hereditary characteristics. The child inherits two genes on each chromosome from its parents. The dominant gene is responsible for inherited characteristics. Chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, occur due to errors at the time of meiosis. transmissible counseling helps parents avoid the risk of giving bring forth to children with genetic defects. The childs family, economic status, neighborhood, school, and favorable public policies play an important influence in shaping his or her personality (Chapter 2).More couples are choosing to remain childless, use birth control measures, and delaying their birth ages today compared to previous times. Children with low birth weight are more prone to heart disease, stroke, and diabetes in adulthood and high birth weight are more prone to titmouse cancer in adulthood. Factors such as teratogens usage of certain ethical drug drugs, such as thalidomide illegal drugs tobacco alcohol exposure t o radiation environmental pollution, infectious diseases nutrition emotional stress and maternal age shape prenatal development (Chapter 3).The Apgar score determines a immature childs physical condition at birth. Natural childbirth involves preparing an expectant mother about childbirth. Various medical interventions, such as fetal monitors, forceps, and cesarean delivery assist during childbirth complications. Complications at birth efficiency cause conditions like cerebral palsy in a newborn. Brazeltons neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is used to assess the behavior of the newborn (Chapter 4).References Chapter 1 History, Theory, and Research Strategies, pp. 1-76.Chapter 2 Biological and Environmental Foundations, pp. 1-67Chapter 3 antepartum Development, pp. 1-39.Chapter 4 Birth and the Newborn Baby, pp. 1-48.