Research paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Research paper - Assignment Examplethose with the disease in question and those individuals without the underlying medical checkup condition who differ from the other group on at least a mental probeable parameter. An example is patients who allow pneumonia infiltrates on x-ray while the control group without pneumonia does non.When conducting a screening or a diagnostic test, there are two obvious phantasms that is the test can fail to identify persons who do not strike condition or it could as well falsely classify a person as having the pathological condition when they do not actually have it. It is important to note that if you adjust virtually threshold value in an effort of reducing one type of error, the other type of error increases. In explaining the phenomenon better, the predisposition and specificity concepts are used in determining the accuracy of a test. According to Donner-Banzhoff (2011), the sensitivity also referred to as the recall or received positive r ate measures the actual harmonise of original positives correctly identified as suffering from the disease. Thus, sensitivity volition refer to the probability that the test will turn out as positive in patients known to be suffering from the condition. A test can either have a high or low sensitivity. super sensitive tests havelesser negative results and are very accurate and useful in ruling out a certain disease being tested in a population (Smith et al., 2011). An example is when a test is 96 percent sensitive, then 96 percent of the patients with the pathological condition will provide true positive results while the other 4 percent will provide false negative results. Highly sensitive tests are important when ruling out dangerous pathological conditions such as lumbar puncture for subarachnoid hemorrhage.On the other hand, specificity also referred to as true negative rate determines the proportion of negatives that is the proportion of healthy persons who are identified c orrectly as not suffering

Power Play for Howard, Negotiating Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

proponent Play for Howard, Negotiating - Assignment ExampleAnother important reflection is that dialogue implies acceptance by both parties that agreement between them is required before a ratiocination can be implemented. The requirement of negotiation is there need to be minimum two parties mixed in the negotiation process. There must exist some common interest, either in the reconcile matter of the negotiation or in the negotiating context that puts or keeps the parties in contact. Introduction to baptistry Power play for Howard Juwan Howard is a 23 year old young wicket ball fraud. And this case find out dealt with the young players negotiation techniques between the two teams. Howard was introduced in 1994 by the Washington Bullets, a junior from University of scratch with the 11 year subscribe for $37 million. He was hard working and, for the most part, conducted himself with class and hauteur on and off the woo. Juwan Howard became a all time favorite key player in the hoop ball team. People of Washington wanted to keep Juwan Howard with them as he is a star player and they wanted a win to Washington after a long span of 9 years. charge the agents and managers of various clubs wanted to keep him with them. therefrom there was a huge demand for Juwan Howard in the federation and this case study tell us about the negotiation technique that adopted by Juwan Howard to join on his bidding value and also the agents to bring Juwan Howard in their team but not creating any pecuniary risky situation to their respective clubs. Negotiation is not a very simple process. In negotiation each(prenominal) party wants to have their upper hand and want to gain profits. Therefore during negotiation each party will have certain advantages it can be tangible and intangible, costs and risk associated with their contracts. Hence it is the capacity of a person who does the negotiation to ensure that he will get off the maximum benefits. Negotiations gnarl y in this case study are bit complicated as all the parties involved in it and they were just observing other peoples move so as to open their trump card. In this case study Juwan Howards name and fame is going to give a lot of benefits to him in terms of money. The basket ball game is very famous amongst the people so each game used to get around $136,000 revenue, and hence Juwan Howard thinks that he also should get a very good remuneration for himself. however Howard is emotionally attached to Washington, and leaving will cause him lot of pain which is also can be reason for high quotation. Although he agreed to leave Washington and join Miami Heat, which gave a guaranteed seven year, contract worth $100.8 million. It is the biggest deal in the history of team sports, along with luxury hotel suites and limousine service during his driveway trips. This is a huge deal for Howard in his young age of 23 years. Howard almost was the highest paid basketball game player during the 19 96 and 1997 season, but his contract was voided by the NBA. However the confused story of Howard returns to the Bullets in August 1996 sign a contract, but Heat went to court challenging the NBAs ruling. But using the Heats quotation Howard and his agents could do better with Bullets winning a contract of over 100 million. This explained the extent to which the pro sports have compose a mesh of emotion and financial reason with on court talent and the off court financial

Diagnosing A Refractive Error Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Diagnosing A Refractive flaw - Essay ExampleBeing myopic, you would be able to see better at near, while objects extend progressively blurrier with distance.Hyperopia, the hyperopic eye is deficient in refractive power. The rays from infinity are non refracted comely thus the point of focus is behind the retina. The eye lacks plus power. (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 23) This is caused either by the cornea beingness as well as flatly curved, the axial length of the eye being too short, or a cabal of both.Astigmatism is a tally in which rays of light are not refracted equally in all meridians. For the purpose of classification, an astigmatic eye is fabricated to have two principle meridians that are usually at right angles to each(prenominal) other. (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 35)Astigmatism is caused by the abnormal shape of the eye. Like a football, distorted in shape, being praise along star meridian and steeper along the ot her. The clarity of vision would be affected at all distances. If your astigmia is oriented vertically, there will be selective blurring of vertical lines.Presbyopia is a normal condition associated with age. ... Hyperopia, the hyperopic eye is deficient in refractive power. The rays from infinity are not refracted enough thus the point of focus is behind the retina. The eye lacks plus power. (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 23) This is caused either by the cornea being too flatly curved, the axial length of the eye being too short, or a combination of both. If you were Hyperopic, you would see both distance and near blurred. But the distance is clearer compared to the near objects. Astigmatism is a condition in which rays of light are not refracted equally in all meridians. For the purpose of classification, an astigmatic eye is assumed to have two principle meridians that are usually at right angles to each other. (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 35)Astigmatism is caused by the abnormal shape of the eye. Like a football, distorted in shape, being flatter along adept meridian and steeper along the other. The clarity of vision would be affected at all distances. If your astigmatism is oriented vertically, there will be selective blurring of vertical lines.Presbyopia is a normal condition associated with age. Accommodation available falls short of the demand made upon it for the usual reading range. It is due to a physiological decrease in the amplitude of accommodation. Its appearance varies with the individual, particularly his or her occupation and refractive error. (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 78)2. summons OF REFRACTION The overall process of refraction can be divided into three parts. Part one is called the starting point. The refractionist collects basic information about the visual conditions of the patient. This includes a technique called static retinoscopy. This determines the refractive

Concept Software Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

plan Software Systems - Essay ExampleAccording to the paper the hardcopy of the email was left in a commons work area and by chance was read by David. The dilemma is what David should do, because of his knowledge of the matter. Although several unethical situations develop, it is the issue of the confidential emails contents that is the main problem that calls for a resolution. David is a principled young man raised with strong moral values and a propensity to stand for what is right. However, wayward action on his part may earn him the ire of his superiors and peers and may cost him his job. Furthermore, the manner by which he came upon the email brings to question the validity of his future action on the matter. This report will bewilder the case analysis and discussion of Concept Software Solutions (CSS), which deals with the application of ethical principles and practices in the context of development technology and electronic communication. Based on the system of utilitari anism which commands the greatest obedient for the greatest number, workers should be ensured veracious working hours, otherwise this situation is reduced to exploitation for the sake of gain of the employer. However, if in a exceptional jurisdiction a limited number of hours per day is assured the worker by law, then the theory that applies is the Social Contract theory, because the terms of the social centre (which is the law) is enforceable by the government. Angelas chatting online is unethical. Based on the Kantian theory, it is immaterial what Angela wants to do what should govern is what she ought to do. Implicit in her employment contract is Angelas duty to work for the good of her employer within working time and place. Viewed this way, she is also bound by the Social contract theory, because her employment contract has the force of law. She may not use the time and resources according to her own whims.

Persecution in the Early Church Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Persecution in the Early Church - query Paper ExampleThe essay discusses that religion today is a matter of personal choice in some parts of the demesne, and this is in sharp contrast to the difficult ms of persecution Christianity as one of the worlds religions underwent in its initial stages to become one of the greatest as documented in history. Persecution began in the period after Christ and continued for a period of about 300 years. It was witnessed at the time of the papist rule during the period 64 A.D to 311 A.D and was facilitated by different emperors and Jewish religious leaders. Professing to be a Christian during that period was like declaring the death sentence upon oneself because people were martyred in some of the cruelest shipway witnessed which included beheading and being thrown alive to man eating beasts, being boiled in oil and crucifixion among others. Emperors like Nero are documented in history to have cruelly say that Christians be thrown to hungry lions in amphitheaters as spectators enjoyed. The meaning of the word martyr to the pursual of the Christian religion meant just a witness, but it acquired a deeper meaning and implication when the followers were ready to swoon for what they believed and through this many people were converted probably due to the deep conviction shown by the martyrs. Christians endured persecutions in the early church, not only from Jews, but from Romans as well and they all advocated for removing Christianity in their systems. There were many reasons why the persecution occurred and continued for the long period that it did. Rome had embraced paganism and thus all citizens were expected to attach to it as the state religion. Failure to do so was considered to be rebellious and was punishable by death. The followers of Christianity were also influenced by ancient Jewish stories as narrated in Christian literature, for example, the story of Daniel who was thrown into a lions den when he refused to stop praying. Shadrack, Meshak and Abednego were also thrown into a furnace when they refused to bow to an idol. The revolt of the Maccabees who believed that it was better to slip away than deny the nation of Israel was also one of the sources of inspiration for Christians.2 Persecution was not only caused and done by Roman authorities. The Jews who were followers of Judaism, one of the oldest religions in the world and which is based on Abrahamic beliefs strove against the immerging group of Christianity whose beliefs were based on saviour Christ. Christians believed they were the new dispensation. One of the first Christian martyrs, Stephen as narrated in the book of Acts 7 was not killed by the Romans, but by the Jews when he tried to explain to them about the new trustfulness based on Jesus Christ while they believed in Judaism.3 The Jews in protecting what they believed was the truth teamed up many propagation with the Roman authorities to persecution. The fire of Rome in which a very great part of the metropolis was burnt was also used as an excuse to further persecute the Christians in the year A.D 64. Emperor Nero, the reigning monarch was thought to have been responsible, probably in his quest to destroy old buildings to fall through way for new ones, but he was able to lay blame elsewhere. The Jews were accused, but lastly it was the Christians who suffered the consequences.4 some of them were arrested, tortured and martyred for the Arson. This act made them become classified as trouble makers instead of an accepted religion. This was a reason enough to do all things possible to prevent their rise to become a recognize religion. Roman emperors did not entertain anything that appeared to be superstitious and to them, failure to pray to Roman gods was against state policy. atheism was construed to mean the worship of other gods other than those accepted by the Roman authorities. The Christians were supposed to deny their faith and accept to a dhere to the faith of the Roman gods.5 Many publicly disagreed and were ready to die for Christianity and thus were martyred because they were considered

Journalism, Mass Media and Communacation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journalism, spile Media and Communacation - Essay ExampleExamples of cheer media that have attracted audiences from numerous countries and cultures embroil television shows such as who wants to be a millionaire, video games such the fighter and sports games and novels such as the Harry Porter serial publication (Schmid and Klimmt,pg.253). These forms of entertainment media have become media artifacts due to there influence and command of audience from different cultures globally. The emergence of J.K Rowling also known as Harry Porter novels and movies has brought phenomenal changes and influence in the current print and electronic media. This paper examines the utilize discourse theory in spirit the relationship between media artifacts and global audiences. In order to discover the above objective, the paper explores the works of Harry Porter that have become a global media artifact. The internationalist penetration and proliferation of entertainment media has impacted and influenced various cultures in different parts of the world and has contributed to the transformation and maturation of transcultural global audience. Million copies of Harry Porter book series and films have been distributed and sold oecumenic and people continue to be entertained by the book and film series. In mass communication, numerous attempts have been to at a lower placestand the influence of entertainment media on people and cultures. ... Communication theories can play a significant role in the inquiry and evaluation of entertainment media from Harry Porter and more understanding of the ways in which they contribute to global media artifact database. The audience appreciation of Harry Porter has the cardinal character has been the foundation and key to the success of Harry Porter novels and films. Parasocial interaction theory is one of the communication theories that can help explain the reason why Harry Porters book series and films have become a media artifact and a form of global entertainment media. Since time time-honored when television was invented, viewers have reported emotional bonding with media personalities. Parasocial interaction theory is based on the immediate psychological responses of media users to media characters in relation to exposure moments or periods (Griffin,pg.157). Parasocial interaction is exhibited when people respond to a media figure as though he or she or it were a real person. Parasocial interactions definition was primarily confined to mean the quasi-social interactions that were exhibited during the duration of the viewing experience but the definition was later expanded to include the long term relationships that are formed between viewers and media figures which is later discussed in this paper under Parasocial relationships (Tuchakinsky,pg.72). Media figures can present themselves in different shapes and forms and they may include newsreaders that we may know or pretended characters whose identity can be ambiguous or difficult to determine. Parasocial interaction seeks to answer the question as whether we are responding to the media

Congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

relation back - Essay ExampleWithin the website America.gov, it can be seen that relation back plays a role in enacting the national form of government deep down the United States. Article 1 begins by stating that Congress shall be divided into two sections, the Senate and the House of Representatives. This article also describes the duties and privileges of Congress as well. Congress is allowed to levy taxes allowed tax statutes must first be introduced by the House of Representatives first. Congress also take a craps laws and regulations that chair commerce, and create a standard of measurement for the entire country. In times of war, Congress is authorized to harbor war, create armies, produce a navy, and make certain that all the laws are followed by the militia. Within day-after-day matters that are seen within todays society, Congress is given the right by the Constitution to create and maintain post offices along with the national roads. Money is standardized by Congres s as well. In regards to immigrants and other foreigners, Congress forms these laws as well to regulate the naturalization of foreign citizens along with a tart eye towards international fraud and bankruptcy that may occur by foreigners. Confirmation of high-ranking officials may only be done by the Senate. One of the most important powers of Congress stated within the Constitution is that with a two-thirds vote, Congress may nullify a bill signed by the President.Congress also has the important role of carrying out fields of investigation. America.gov goes through the details of investigation trials done by Congress. This occurs through the formation of committees that research laws, look into their functionality, and possibly look into further areas of impeachment in rare cause of the President. During the impeachment process, the House of Representatives has the power to bring about the charges of the President. The Senate

How did I acheive these 5 learning goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How did I acheive these 5 learning goals - Essay ExampleThen, I researched entirely on the perception of the cayennean cultural on business. Thirdly, I had to look into the US and Chile cultural relationship to business. I found out both cultures significantly value business.Finally, from that cultural scrutiny, I got a better image and understanding of the Chilean perception in the perspective of carrying out business. Though, a lot effort is vitally necessary in achieving any goals, the results are always such(prenominal) pleasing and recognise afterward. I also had to consider the instances that I had triumphantly accomplished different learning goals before.Considering those earlier situations, I had to get those factors that significantly lend a hand towards achieving my earlier learning goals. Among the factors included spending much time to those set learning goals to the effectiveness of achieving them. Consequently, I dedicated many moments in the learning goals up to th eir competition (Brophy 2010).Additionally, there are many obstacles in achieving any set goals despite all the facts. Hence, I worked tirelessly in an effort to confiscate those obstacles. Nevertheless, the particular action that I took to eliminate the barriers, it exceedingly facilitated in attaining the learning goals. As a result, there was an incredible result in learning goals achievement. They were extremely uncomplicated, scarce yet exceptionally valuable this applies

Corporate Social Responsibility of Qantas Airline Case Study

Corporate Social Responsibility of Qantas air duct - Case Study ExampleThis research tells that Corporate Social Responsibility aligns the corporate actions and activities to the government rightfulness and ensure the business model is ethical. The goal of Corporate Social Responsibility is to embrace responsibility for the companys actions and to pass on the positive impacts through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, and stakeholders. This report will analyze the implemented CSR policies of Qantas Airways and assess their effectiveness to take root whether the practice has helped the organization in achieving its goals and objective. According to Qantas Airway Limited Website, Qantas was established in 1920by Paul McGuiness, Hudson Fysh, Fergus McMaster and Arthur Baird. after(prenominal) almost 91 years of growing and developing, Qantas nowadays is widely regarded as the worlds leading long outgo airline and one of the strongest brands in Au stralia. It employs approximately 32,500 employees and offers services across a network spanning 182 destinations over 44 countries. The main business of Qantas is the transportation of passengers, with two main brands, Qantas and Jetstar operate the total passenger fleet of 252 aircraft. For the in force(p) year ended 30 June 2010, Qantas reported at a lower placelying profit before tax of $377 million. Net win after tax was $116 million. In Qantas, at that place is a corporate governance framework that plant life under the Safety, Health, and Environment Security Committee (SESC). This is a mature of oversight that was introduced in 1994 is found at Qantas.com. Currently, the board has six members with each having his or her rank. There is the chief executive officer of the board and five fissiparous non-executive officers. The board has laid down a charter that is available on their website. The charter talks more(prenominal) of their objectives, visions, and missions. Th e SESC has its objectives that are all aimed at assisting the board in performance the SESC also assists the board on issues concerning safety, health, certification matters, and the environment. They aim at making the working environment to be conducive to working. The SESC also deals with risk anxiety, which in any business, is one of the areas that require a lot of concentration. A good process of risk management should be laid down and then implemented to point. Apart from the working of the audit committee, SESC also works in a way to ensure that there are credibility and transparency. SESC holds meetings regularly from where it sets objectives of achieving the latter objectives and there are some qualifications that members of SESC must meet before joining. All this is meant to ensure that the performance of SESC is done to perfection, and with in force(p) ease.

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Contr impress Law - Essay Example consider law make believe included several clauses so that any specific situation will be easily fitted in to the guinea pig and solution will be provided by the judges after divergence through all the deliberations. In the present case study, it is all the way apparent that trafficker (The individual or organization who sells the goods to buyer) has violated the vex law provisions.The contract law states that once the agreement was made, the terms and conditions should be accurately followed with minor exceptions only with sufficient justification. Hence the buyer (on behalf of Buyer Ltd. Tom) should file a case in the court of law to get the justice. The violation of contract law was clearly committed by the seller (on behalf of Seller Ltd. Max) with ill intention of charging extra money of 2800. The case can be filed against the seller as it violated both English contract law and foul contract terms act (1977). This has been found to be i n violation with the principles of European contract law (Ole Lando et al., 2003 The commission on European conract law, 1999) .False office or misrepresentation may be considered as serious offence as it affects the interests of the general public involved in trade transactions severely. The seller has been indulged in false representation in claiming his bill amount for the hydraulic jack system. The English contract law also clearly prohibits the actions relating to the breach of contract (Samuel Williston, 1903). It was also found to be against the fair trading and hence comes under unfair contract terms act (1977) 1. This helps in narrowing the gap between the classic theory of contract law and social reality and hence found to be effective in providing justice to the candid clients (Hugh Beal, 1978 Friedmann, 1972). The violation of terms and conditions signed at the time of contract is legally punishable and hence the parties have to bind themselves to the contract strict ly 2. The buyer has to proceed to the court

DAG in Nephron Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

dekagram in Nephron - Research Paper Examplepathway that can be activated by many of the metabolic and hemodynamic factors involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (Schrijvers, Vriese & Flyvbjerg, 971).1) Bertorello, Alejandro M., Diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase C results in a dual effect on Na + ,K -ATPase activity from intact renal proximal tubule cells, daybook of prison cell Science, (1992) 101, 343-347, kinfolk 4, 2010 from http//jcs.biologists.org/content/101/2/343.full.pdf2) Cerbon, Jorge & Rosa del Carmen Lopez-Sanchez, Diacylglycerol generated during sphingomyelin synthesis is involved in protein kinase C activation and cell proliferation in MadinDarby canine kidney cells, Biochemistry Journal, (2003) 373, 917-924, September 4, 2012 from http//www.biochemj.org/bj/373/0917/3730917.pdf4) Jung, Kwang-Mook et al, Diacylglycerol Lipase- and - Control Neurite Outgrowth in Neuro-2a Cells through Distinct molecular(a) Mechanisms, Molecular Pharmacology, (2011) 80.1, 60-67, September 4, 2010 from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3127538/5) Nogaroli, Luciana et al, Diacylglycerol kinase activity in puried basolateral membranes of kidney tubules I. Evidence for coupling with phospholipase C, The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, (2005) 37, 79-90, September 4, 2010 from http//artigocientifico.uol.com.br/uploads/artc_1152842008_32.pdf6) Schrijvers, Bieke F., Vriese, An S. De & Allan Flyvbjerg, From Hyperglycemia to Diabetic Kidney Disease The Role of Metabolic, Hemodynamic, Intracellular Factors and Growth Factors/Cytokines, The Endocrine Society, (2004) 25.6, 971, September 4, 2012 from

Is a college education worth the time and money Essay

Is a college breeding worth the time and specie - Essay ExampleThe experience gained from this type of identifying addresses every dimension of the total individual. Firstly, a college education attends to the spiritual dimension of the individual for it is at this juncture that an individual comes face to face with his/her inner self. bingle is forced to brutally confront oneself and acknowledge ones strengths, weaknesses and even failures as one has to learn to cope with meeting deadlines, completing a plethora of assignments and making presentations that may be harshly criticized.In addition, it is because of this great demand of external output that the student must turn to his/her inner being and go under whether to maintain the morale values which may have been embedded from early childhood or whether to kick them and give in to self. This opportunity to interact with ones inner self in a real way certainly compensates for any time or money that may have been pass to att ain it.Secondly, college education positively affects ones social being. The student has the opportunity to meet with others of his/her age and experience the type of fellowship that is borne out of sharing pains and joys, sufferings, successes and failures. The network that is formed here croup only add value to the students life for it may be the means through which the student meets persons that may assist in future job hunting or progressions.What is more, students gain the ask skills, knowledge and attitudes needed to obtain a good paying job which enhances the opportunity for them to receive promotion at their job. Mathews in his 2007 article on Multiplying Benefits of College for Everybody gave a fine example of the latitude which is granted by the college graduate. He states, If a Hamilton College graduate with a degree in English literature decides she would prefer to scram a fry cook or a midwife or a farmer, she can burgeon forth those skills relatively quickly as

Law of property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Law of property - Essay ExampleThe wiz of interest element requires parties to a colligation tenancy to have the same type of interest and relate share in the property5. If the unity of interest requirement negated, this results in severance of the joint tenancy into a tenancy in common6.With regard to the unity of title requirement, this stipulates that the parties proprietary interests in the property must profit from the same profound title and at the same time. Commonly this will require evidence through and through deed or will7. Unity of time can often be problematic and academic dialogue has significantly criticised this requirement particularly due to the requirement that property rights must vest in for each one joint tenant simultaneously8.In applying these principles to the current scenario, Albert used the proceeds of the sale of Sunrise Lodge to leverage Greengables. It is evident that Barbaras mortgage payments to Sunrise Lodge accounted for 30% of the over any p urchase costs and as such, the proceeds of the sale of Sunrise Lodge were held on trust for Barbara under constructive trust9. With regard to Greengables, Albert, Barbara and Charles bought the prop together in 1997 with the conveyance expressed as being in the joint names of all three parties. On this basis, it would appear that at the time of purchase, the four unities requirement for the existence of a joint tenancy have been complied with. Accordingly, at the time of purchase, Albert, Barbara and Charles held the Property as joint tenants in equal shares. However, the legal joint tenancy can be rebutted if the factual reality of the ownership arrangement falls within the equitable presumption of a tenancy in common10.The conditions for the equitable presumption of a tenancy in common were extrapolated in the case of Robertson v Fraser11, where Lord Hatherley highlighted that any

CASE 1 HRM 402 - TD - Determining Training and Development Essay

CASE 1 HRM 402 - TD - Determining Training and Development - screen Examplehould be taught to achieve optimal transaction. The job or task will be analyze which includes the requirements for performing the task by specifying the main duties or level of the skills needed. When conducting the task analysis, the following should be evaluated performance of task, frequency of task performed, importance of each task, knowledge needed to perform the task, difficulty of the task and trainings obtainable for each task.It is very important to organize the task in sequence or by importance. The employee should be observed while performing the task and the observation should be documented properly. The performance of the employee should be evaluated found on the job description such as taking note if the employee missed important dowry of the task or deviated from what are listed on the job description. It is important to check if there are differences between the top and bottom performers . This would lead to the question of what are the suitable trainings needed to improve productivity and general performance of the

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Macroeconomics - Essay ExampleThe level of GDP increased from roll to peak by around 10.2 percent between the year 1981 and 1988, which states that the recovery was strong after the corner. similarly after the 1990s recession there was a sharp increase in GDP ontogeny level. However it is evident that there is a long recovery period after the 2008 global fiscal crises of UKs economy. When compared the recovery from all recession periods, it is evident from Figure 2 from the case that recovery from 2008 recession has been protracted and has the deepest draw in GDP growth levels in the year of 2008 recession.The period of Great ease that lasted from 1993 to 2007 was face up with smooth growth, paltry unemployment and low inflation. During this period economy grew to around 5 percent until it was faced with recession in 2008.There are a number of factors that can be attributed to a fall in UKs livery ratio between 1993 and 2008.It is visible from figure 15 from the case that sa ving ratio fell to lowest 1.7 percent by the end of 2007.The graph also denotes fall in saving ratio over the years 1993 to 2008.Interest rate in the UKs economy was low from 1993 that further fell to 3 % in 2003 as seen from figure 12 from the case. This meant that character was easily visible(prenominal) to borrowers at a cheaper cost and savers were not ready to delay consumption and instead save for discredit return on savings. Low interest rates and low inflation acted as a disincentive to save. At same time housing prices were rising, which leads to wealth affect and people were ready to borrow and top more. This wealth effect made people more confident to spend as they knew that value of their proportion was rising. This is could be seen in figure 13 where there is a sharp rise in sightly UK housing prices from 1993 to 2007, more than tripling over the 15 year period (Tejvan, 2008).Easily available credit during this period had encouraged more

External Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

External Assignment - Research Paper ExampleSimpson was taken into custody venture as a murderer (Associated Newspapers Ltd., 2012).The prime objective of this research paper is to review the above depict case. Moreover, the research paper will also analyze about how the criminalist in this case handled the evidences and determine whether these were positively or negatively involved in the outcome of the case.In relation to the case of People of the republic of California vs. Orenthal James Simpson, the forensic experts along with the criminalists gathered evidences specifically through desoxyribonucleic acid analysis techniques. During those days, desoxyribonucleic acid evidencing technique was quite popular and regarded as effective tool for law enforcement investigation departments in work out murder related evils (Saferstein, 2010). The concept of DNA evidencing emerge with the idea that every individual possesses unique DNA structures except in the case of identical twins. DNA evidences can be extracted from multiple sources that include bone up of victims, hair strands, teeth, blood and saliva sampling (James, 2012). During the trial of the Orenthal James Simpson murder case, the first type of evidence, which came away was about the DNA fingerprinting. This evidence was brought forward almost a year after the death of Nicole brownness and Ronald Goldman (Fingerprinting, 2014). Another law ignorance instance came up in front when Simpson refused to turn himself or surrender as per demanded by the local police forces (Hunt, n. d.). Moreover, through DNA analysis, the blood traces found in the crime mise en scene were also confirmed to be similar to the blood traces found on the door of Simpsons auto (Associated Newspapers Ltd., 2012).Apart from these, the blood on the footprints matched with the shoe size of Mr. Simpson and on other articles found at the crime scene. Adding to this, the prosecution also brought forward the case evidence of a 9-1-1 call made by Simpsons ex-wife as she

Gender Strategies Essay Example for Free

sex activity Strategies EssayGender strategies refer to a literary strategy and a manner of analyzing literary works. As a strategy, gender strategies pertain to the infusion of differing gender expectations and roles given a patriarchal social context. hands hold a higher(prenominal) position relative to wo manpower. This also extends to hints of feminism with literary works presentation the efforts made by women to attain defy the patriarchal system and achieve equal status with men or women characters placed in positions of power. As an analytical tool, gender strategies refer to the differentiation between masculine and feminine character traits. The differences in the placements of men and women develop with the influence of culture. This also considers the way that the image of women in the literary work captures the difficulties in living in a patriarchal society and the challenges to attain equality. another(prenominal) line of analysis is by expanding literary themes beyond the male and female to consider the homosexual perspective represented by literary works. (Meyer, 2002) Gender strategies worked in the play A Midsummer Nights Dream (Shakespeare, 1997). Patriarchal belief and male dominance is one defining theme of the play.Egeus used the legality compelling daughters to bind the man chosen by their fathers with refusal punishable by death to force Hermia, his daughter, to marry Demetrius, the man that Egeus wants his daughter to marry. There was also a hint of feminism, with Hermia defying her father and the law by eloping with Lysander. Titania, the sprite of the fairies, also holds an equal position with Oberon, the king of fairies by refusing to agree to make her Indian changeling a knight of Oberon. In analyzing the play, the patriarchy experienced by the characters reflects on the Athenian culture that gives men higher status than women do.The male characters, Egeus and Oberon, make the decision and enforce these decisions on the w omen characters. The women characters, Hermia and even the fairy queen Titania, suffered difficulties in resisting the dominant male characters. References Meyer, M. (2002). The Bedford introduction to literature (6th ed. ). New York St. Martins Press. Shakespeare, W. (1997). A midsummer nights dream. In G. Blakemore-Evans J. J. M. Tobin (Eds. ), The riverside Shakespeare (pp. 256-283). capital of Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin.

Presidential and Parliamentary Systems of Government Essay Example for Free

electric chairial and parliamentary Systems of regimen EssayIntroduction and Main Distinguishing Features of Both SystemsA death chairial governing body of government is ane in which at that place is a channel of government, i.e. the executive branch, who is separate from the law-makers and is non accountable to it. Generally, the legislature does not hold power to dismiss the executive. This scheme layabout be traced back to the monarchal nature in the medieval ages which countries such as France, England and Scotland followed where the Crown held all executive powers and not the parliament. When the office of the President of the join States was created, this system of separate powers of the executive and legislature was replicated in the U.S. Constitution.In contrast, a parliamentary system is contrastive from the higher up be endeavor its executive branch of government take aims the channelize or indirect musical accompaniment of the parliament to stay in power, which is generally expressed finished a suffrage of self-assertion. However, the mechanism of checks and balances is different from integrity found in a hot seatial republic because there is no unadorned dissolution of powers in the midst of the legislature and the executive. In parliamentary systems, the head of government and the head of state atomic number 18 distinct entities, where the former is the prime of life minister and the latter is an elective chairwoman or a hereditary monarch. The U.K. follows a parliamentary form of government, where the prime minister and the cabinet govern using their executive power on a daily basis, exactly actual authority is held with the head of state.1In distinguishing between presidential and parliamentary systems, three points mustiness be considered. First, in a presidential system the head of government (the president) is select for a fixed term and exit serve this unless there is the unusual and exceptional process of imp from each onement, whereas in a parliamentary system the head of government (prime minister or equivalent) is dependent on the confidence of the legislature and thus commode be removed (along with the whole government) by a motion of no-confidence.Second, in a presidential system the head of government (the president) is publicly take, if not literally directly by the voters then by an electoral college popularly elected expressly for this purpose, whereas in a parliamentary system the head of government (prime minister or equivalent) is selected by the legislature. Third, in a presidential system there is effectively a one- person non-collegial executive, whereas in a parliamentary system the executive (i.e., the cabinet) is collective or collegial.2For his part, Sartori like Lijphart, makes three basic points in that a semi policy-making system is presidential if, and only if, the head of state (president) i) results from popular election, ii) during his or her pre-est ablished tenure cannot be discharged by a parliamentary vote, and iii) heads or otherwise directs the governments that he or she appoints. There are two distinctions between Lijphart and Sartori worth noting here.First of all, Lijphart refers to the president as the head of government whereas Sartori refers to him or her as the head of state. Second and related, Sartori conceives of the government as world broader than the individual president. As such, Sartori rejects as too narrow the notion that the head of state must to a fault be the head of government in favor of a looser notion that authority flows from the president sight perhaps via a separate head of government.3Mainwaring attributes two distinguishing characteristics to a presidential majority rule. First, the head of government is elected independently of the legislature in the sense that legislative elections and post-election negotiations do not picture executive power. In countries where the chief executive is sel ected by the legislature, not as a second alternative when the popular vote does not produce a clear winner but as the fundamental process, the system is any parliamentary (the vast majority of cases) or a hybrid (as in Switzerland).Post-election negotiations that determine which parties will govern and which will head the government are crucial in many parliamentary regimes, but they are not part of the selection process of chief executives in presidential systems. The chief executive in a presidential democracy is usually elected by popular vote, although some countries, notably the United States, have an electoral college rather than direct popular elections. Even so, in the United States, the popular vote has a virtually binding effect on Electoral College votes.In other presidential systems, including those in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile (before 1973), the congress votes for a president if there is no authoritative majority in the popular vote. Yet the popular vote is the f irst criterion, and in Argentina and Chile, tradition has dictated that congress will select the candidate with the most popular votes. Note that it must be the head of government-not simply the president-who is elected by popular vote or an electoral college. In Austria, Iceland, and Ireland, the president is elected by direct popular vote but has only minor powers and is indeed not the head of government.4The second distinguishing feature of presidential democracies is that the president is elected for a fixed period of time. Most presidential democracies allow for impeachment, but this practice is disused and does not substantially affect the definition because of its extraordinary character. The president cannot be oblige to resign because of a no-confidence vote by the legislature, and consequently, the president is not formally accountable to congress. In a parliamentary system, in contrast, the head of government is elected by the legislature and subsequently depends on th e current confidence of the legislature to remain in office thus the time period is not fixed.5Implications for constitution Making and DemocracyWhether a regime is parliamentary or presidential has a major doctor on significant aspects of political life how executive power is formed, relationships between the legislative and the executive branches, relationships between the executive and the political parties, the nature of the political parties, what happens when the executive loses support, and arguably even prospects for stable democracy and patterns of domination.The proponents of presidential claim that presidential systems claim that such systems ensure that the presidents power is a legitimate one because the president if, in most cases, elected directly by the people. The United States follows a different system in which the president is elected by an electoral college but is still considered to be popularly elected. Parliamentary executives can not claim to be elected via a direct vote of the people. Separation of powers is another(prenominal) service which the presidential system provides because it established the executive branch and the legislative as two distinct structures which allows each body to supervise and oversee the other and prevents abuse of the system.In a parliamentary system, the executive is not separate from the legislature, reducing the chances of criticism or scrutiny, unless a formal condemnation in the form of a vote of no confidence takes place. Hence, in a parliamentary system, a prime ministers unethical industrial plant or instances of misconduct might never be discovered as Woodrow Wyatt (former British Member of Parliament) tell while writing about the famous Watergate scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon, dont think a Watergate couldnt happen here, you just wouldnt envision about it.6In a parliamentary system, even though the option of a vote of no confidence is available, it is an option resorted to only in extreme cases. It is considered extremely difficult to influence or closure a prime minister or cabinet who has already decided to pass legislation or implement measures.Voting against important legislation is tantamount to a vote of no confidence, as a consequence of which the government is changed after holding of elections. This is a very tedious process because of which it is a rare accompaniment in some parliamentary countries. Britain for example has only rarely undergone such a situation. Therefore, it is oftentimes believed that in a parliamentary system, because of the lack of separation of powers, the Parliament can not actually habit any real control over the executive.However, there can be a downside to separation of powers. presidential systems can continue to a situations where the President and Congress both evade blame by firing it to the other. In the words of former Treasury Secretary C. Douglas Dillon as he described the United States, The president blames Congress, the Congress blames the president, and the public remains confused and disgusted with government in Washington.7Woodrow Wilson agreed in his thesis, congressional Government in the United States, as he said, how is the schoolmaster, the nation, to know which boy needs the whipping? . . . precedent and strict accountability for its use are the essential constituents of good government. . . . It is, therefore, manifestly a radical fracture in our federal system that it parcels out power and confuses responsibility as it does.The main purpose of the principle of 1787 seems to have been to accomplish this grievous mistake. The literary theory of checks and balances is simply a consistent account of what our constitution makers tried to do and those checks and balances have proved mischievous just to the extent which they have succeeded in establishing themselves . . . the Framers would be the first to admit that the only fruit of dividing power had been to make it i rresponsible.8Separation of Powers has mixed implications. It can lead to gridlock, i.e. when it becomes next to impossible to pass items on the partys agenda because the legislature is almost equally divided, usually an occurrence in the U.S. when the Senate and House of Representatives are dominated by opposing parties. However, the upside to gridlock is that it often prevents radical policy changes.Another problem with the presidential system is that while it is inherently stable because the president is elected for a fixed term, this also compounds the issue of the presidency being a zero-sum game, where winner takes all. As Linz (1990, 56) states, The danger that zero-sum presidential elections pose is compounded by the rigidity of the presidents fixed term in office. Winners and losers are sharply be for the entire period of the presidential mandatelosers must wait four or five historic period without any access to executive power and patronage. The zero-sum game in presiden tial regimes raises the stakes of presidential elections and inevitably exacerbates their attendant tension and polarization.Parliamentary elections can also lead to one party winning an absolute majority, in most scenarios a number of parties gain representation through these elections. Power is often divided up and coalitions are formed, as a consequence of which the position holders give due weight to the needs and interests of small parties. In turn, these parties expect a certain share in power and as is obvious, are stakeholders in the overall system, instead of non-entities. Now if, as is the case in presidential systems, one sole person believes that he has independent authority and a popular mandate, he might start to develop a tendency towards authoritarianism.When he develops such notions about his standing and role, he will not react fitly to the inevitable opposition to his policies, finding it annoying and unsettling, as would a prime minister who considers himself a real representative of a temporary governing coalition and not the sole voice of the nation. Hence the examples of Venezuela and Colombia, where when democracy was reestablished in times of great political instability, and when the written constitutions warranted a presidential government, the leaders of chief political parties opted for consociational agreements whereby the rigid, winner-take-all consequences of presidential elections were softened.9While stability is often touted as one of the prime advantages of the presidential system, it is simply another word for rigidity. On the other hand, parliamentarism lends a certain element of flexibility to the political process. Advocates of presidentialism might resolution that this rigidity is actually a plus because it prevents the uncertainty and instability so definitive of parliamentary politics. at a lower place parliamentary government, after all, a number of entities, even rank-and-file legislators, can choose to adopt ba sic changes, cause realignments and shifts, and, most importantly, make or break prime ministers.But it must be remembered that while the need for authority and predictability might serve as justifications for presidentialism, there can be a myriad of unhoped-for developments- anything from the death of the incumbent to serious errors in judgment committed under the pressure of adverse political circumstances that often lead to the presidential rule being less predictable and often weaker than that of a prime minister. The latter can always make efforts to bolster up his legitimacy and authority, be it through a vote of confidence or the dissolution of parliament and the consequential new elections. Also, a prime minister can be changed without it necessarily leading to a major regime crisis.10ConclusionThe above analysis has largely favored a parliamentary system over a presidential one. However, one must remember that success regimes, regardless of the amount of thought and care gone into their design, are pertinacious by the extent of support they manage to arrest from society at large, its major forces, groups and institution. Public consensus therefore is a basic need, which confers legitimacy to the authority of the regime, and this is achieved only by the power which is attained lawfully and in a democratic fashion.Regimes also depend to a large extent on the ability and skill of their leaders to govern, to arouse trust and to respect the boundaries of the power they hold. Every country has unique aspects that one must take into account-traditions of federalism, ethnic or cultural heterogeneity, and so on. Both systems have their pros and cons, even parliamentary systems can suffer grave crises. Hence, countries must consider their own individual past, present and future, in order to determine which system has the greater probability of success.ReferencesHardin, Charles. 1989. A Challenge to Political Science. PS Political Science and political sym pathies 22(3) 595-600.Lijphart, Arend, ed. 1992. Introduction in A. Lijphart (ed.), Parliamentary versus presidential government. Oxford Oxford University Press.Linz, Juan. 1990. The Perils of Presidentialism. Journal of Democracy (Winter) 51-69.Mainwaring, Scott and Shugart, Matthew. 1997. Juan Linz, Presidentialism, and Democracy A Critical Appraisal. proportional government activity 29(4) 449-471.Mainwaring, Scott. 1990. Presidentialism in Latin America. Latin American Research Review 25(1)157-179.Sartori, Giovanni. 1994. Neither presidentialism nor parliamentarism, in J.J. Linz A. Valenzuela (eds.), The ill luck of presidential democracy, vol. 1 proportional perspectives. Baltimore, MD Johns Hopkins University Press.Thomas, Jo. Oct. 9 1988. The fate of two nations. The New York Times. Wilson, Woodrow. 1886. Congressional Government A Study in American government. The New Englander 45(192).1 Mainwaring, Scott and Shugart, Matthew. 1997. Juan Linz, Presidentialism, and Democ racy A Critical Appraisal. Comparative Politics 29(4) 449-471.2 Lijphart, Arend, ed. 1992. Introduction in A. Lijphart (ed.), Parliamentary versus presidential government.Oxford Oxford University Press.3 Sartori, Giovanni. 1994. Neither presidentialism nor parliamentarism, in J.J. Linz A. Valenzuela (eds.), The failure of presidential democracy, vol. 1 Comparative perspectives. Baltimore, MD Johns Hopkins University Press.4 Mainwaring, Scott. 1990. Presidentialism in Latin America. Latin American Research Review 25(1)157-179.5 Linz, Juan. 1990. The Perils of Presidentialism. Journal of Democracy (Winter) 51-696 Thomas, Jo. Oct. 9 1988. The fate of two nations. The New York Times. 7 Hardin, Charles. 1989. A Challenge to Political Science. PS Political Science and Politics 22(3) 595-600.8 Wilson, Woodrow. 1886. Congressional Government A Study in American Politics. The New Englander 45(192).9 Linz, Juan. 1990.10 Linz, Juan. 1990.

Minimum wage Essay Example for Free

Minimum w get on with actWhile meagreness conducts to emergence in several areas of the world, economist tries their best to find a trend to offer a feasible solution. One of the most common answers that thunder mug ordinarily be represent in economical debate would be the issue of the establishment of a nominal wage. Setting a tokenish wage is a policy tool that ought to outgrowth the income of the working class in a certain community or country. Seemingly this premise gives the borderline wage policy easy to understand. Ideally, an increase in the reject limit wage results to an increase in income that is suppose to alleviate emit income households into a high(prenominal) social status.In fact, this policy tool has been comm only when used to alleviate poverty levels in the triplet world countries. Most regions in the Latin America adopted this policy sometime in their past. in time its positive and negative stamps are still subject to careful analysis and t houghtful criticism. This melodic theme would focus on the effect of an increase in negligible wage on different countries chiefly between a first world and a third world country. In doing so, the paper would adjudicate to re suck up the literary productions presented by Gindling and Terrell (2007) along with the datas ga thered by Powers.From such literature I have gathered the importance or the role of unemployment rate on the changes in poverty level. The several discussions shall be related to the surveys, theoretical models and datas that are gathered as of June 2007. The econometric analysis that would be use would in addition be ground on the regression that was formerly do by Powers. Literature Review From the different articles that flooded the economic circle, there were several debates that concerned the pro blend that could be derived with the implementation of marginal wage.The prop angiotensin converting enzyments of the positive impacts of an increase of th e negligible wage in reducing low income household according to the study made by Gindling and Terrell believes that it would only be effective and limited in the formal area. Those who compose this formal sector are the employees who receive more than than than or equal to the lower limit wage. Those people that argue against the minimum wage does so under the assumption that the securities industry and prudence at once is highly affected by a close competition brought about by globalization.In note with this, the current governments would be required to puddle the most attractive business milieu for the investors. Thus, the government, most particularly of the developing country would most likely impose glower minimum wages or strength even argue to abolish it (Lee, 2002). In a brief discussion, a minimum wage implies a law that was legislated in order to ensure that worker/s leave receive a minimum amount of payment for a certain amount of performance made. This law w as created in cap adapted to cherish the workers, most especially those who low income earners from possible exploitation and abuse from their employers.Most of the low wage earners were serene of incapable digers and have mostly received low level of proper education, if any. At the same time, insuring that this eccentric person of workers will receive a minimum wage would result to a lower level of poverty. This will be the case since it is standard that upon setting the minimum wage factors such as the daily vivacious standards of a person and the purchasing power are taken into consideration. Such procedures would make a minimum wage law more effective and beneficial for the worker/s.Gindling and Terrell in their study of the situation of the economy of Honduras provided insights regarding the different factors that may affect the family income. The first thing that they believed that one should consider in instituting a minimum wage would be the person/s that the policy wi ll apply. The person/s involved and the labor market in which they belong are important in the considerations since the more competitive a market is, the higher the unemployment rate it will produce.It is important to note because the demand for labor usually determine the outlet of person that shall be displaced upon the possible increase in the minimum wage. The second factor would be on the possible effect of the minimum wage changes on the workers that are not cover with the implementation of such policy. This is important to note since those people who would lose their job because of the increase in minimum change increases the gettable supply of labor in the sector that was not covered by minimum change. Such sector includes self-employed individuals or individuals who are underpaid.Factors Affecting Minimum WageAnother factor that Gindling and Terrell believe to create an impact on the family income is the social status in which the family belongs. The increase in minimum w age is meant to slim poverty. Nonetheless, the families that skill have been affected by the changes in minimum wage might not be included in the families along or under the poverty line. This is an important factor since it would determine if the increase in minimum wage would have an impact on the middle class or the lower class. If the minimum wage increase would affect only or greatly on the middle class, the break of serve between the middle and the lower class would inevitably widen.The last thing to consider would be the view that a society takes regarding what a minimum wage shall cover. In some cases the minimum wage is based on the worker familys basic need. In other society the workers own(prenominal) basic needs is the one which is considered. Thus, in effect, it would be relevant to consider the number of the working constituent in the family or the number/s of bread winner/s. Effects of Minimum Wage The effects of a minimum wage depend upon the household and the f amily that responds to the requirements of the labor market.A family might be able to benefit in an increase of minimum wage if there are two or more members of that family that are would receive or affected by the increase in minimum wage. Nonetheless, if instead of gaining from the minimum wage increase, some earners in the family was removed from the job resulting from the laying off of workers that company resulted into, to be able to effectively provide other workers with a minimum wage without decreasing the company income. The family would suffer more poverty than they have experienced before. The effects of minimum wage also differ with respect to gender, age and ethnicity.More often than not women due to their high expense, having more leaves and being more prone to illness due to a weaker body structure are more susceptible than man when lay offs occur. Thus, for those families that are single handedly supported by a female, an increase in minimum wage is not rattling go od news. Also, people who are already approaching their golden age or those who are completion to retirement age are usually subjected to layoffs since they are considered to be less productive than the young ones. Lastly, there are areas were ethnic discrimination is still an issue. Problems with Minimum WageAccording to the enquiry made by Gindling and Freeman, the main objective of creating a minimum wage is not to decrease the number of employment it is genuinely to equally distribute income to the low wage earners. The cost cutting procedure that usually resulted as an effect of the increase in minimum wage cost the job of the workers more prominently those who are in the bottom ladder of production. Since these people do not have enough skills, experience and education, they would find it very(prenominal) hard to look for a new job. In such case, instead of alleviating poverty, the increase in minimum wage results to an increase in poverty.In the view of Richard Berman, the government upon imposing the law on minimum wage increase imposes such command to the employers on how much they should give. However, the government does not have the strength to command the employers regarding who are the people that should and should not be hired. Such situation is what causes the employers to layoff the less productive workers. It also made them employ less people and employ only those who posses more than enough qualification that would fit for the job and for the wage. The drastic effect that such situation results into is a little bit complicated.First and inaugural the amount of functional employment would be greatly reduced. With lesser opportunity for those who does not have jobs and with an special number of unemployed produced from the layoffs, unemployment would greatly increase. In the long run the family of those who are unemployed would suffer lower income and would fall under or stay under the poverty line. Another effect would be on how employ ers would choose their employees. Since employees cause more, aside from a reduction in the number of employees, as explained above, employers would also hunt to increase their qualifications for possible employees.Thus, employers would tend to hire people who are better qualified, that is that they have attained higher level of education and/or skilled. Those who includes in the highly educated employees are usually compose of the younger generations. Also, one cannot expect someone below the poverty line to get the best education available since it is most like that higher education is expensive. The skilled laborers on the other hand are only a few and would more or less attain some degree of education. This leaves the adult unskilled worker/s less preferable for a usual low wage job.With this in mind, one could assume that the probability of unskilled adults to work on jobs that would be affected by the increase in minimum wage, very low. It is more likely that would seek and settle to an underpaid job to be able to someway support themselves and their family or they might not work at all. What may follow is a and increase in poverty, rather than a reduction. Another possible scenario involves chances of higher prices in commodities. As a usual flow in economics, the expenses that were received by the company would be passing on to their consumers in able to maximize profit.Sometimes this kind of reaction may lead to a lower fiber in the services and the products produced by the company. Further more, the employers might ask the employees to work for much longer hours and workers might be subjected to a low quality of working environment with additional task. Minimum Wage and leanness in the United States According to Gindling and Terrell (2007), using the study that was conducted by Blackburn and Addison in 1999, an increase in the minimum wage had a positive effect on the level of junior high school dropouts from 1983 to 1996.This can somehow be in terpreted that less junior high school and teenagers stop from schooling in able to help their parents earn family income or that there have been more students who are able to continue going to school. Neumark and Wascher in 2002 conduct a study through the use of US CPS data. Their research demonstrates that an increase in the minimum wage both have a positive effect on the probability of families to fall into poverty and to escape poverty. The impact of the Neumark and Wascher study is that there is a redistribution of income among the poor.

Security Systems Essay Example for Free

Security Systems EssaySystem securities atomic number 18 a full of life requirement in ready reckoners where a great problem in net income protection measure is experienced. There argon more complexities in the distribution and array of computer network interconnections. This is usually experienced in unalike environments. Hence at that place is the hire for having methods of solving the problem of establishment security. This is make through having a network crack discovery where attacks are detected and the necessary measures stopn into consideration. The three types of computer security protocols discussed in this paper are the Teredo protocol, the HTTP protocol and the SSL and TSL protocols. The security implications of these protocols are discussed in this paper. The computer security protocols are employ in different areas depending on the security protocol. The identification of these protocols provides security concerns where the control of security is ind ispensable. There is need to reduce protection in depth and permitting for unsolicited traffic in the computer ashess security controls (Aquino et al, 2008). Types of communications protocol SSL TLS (Secure Socket Layer Transport Layer Security) protocol The Secure Socket Layer is an internet protocol for connections which are done from one indication to the other.SSL offers fortification besides tumbling of the roof space, interfering and counterfeiting. Therefore there is legitimacy between the customer and the server since the client is able to institute a protected connection across the internet in order to offer fortification to the broadcasted training (Security communications protocol Overview, 1999). Due to the increase in the stipulation of internet and digital instruction communication, a number of functions and workstations require to propagate out their information in a protected manner to inaccessible appliances and mainframes.This can be cracked by the apply o f SSL since it is well premeditated for the purpose in a criterion which is open. There are steps which take place in SSL and they include linking, confirmation between parties and finally, swapping over of the protected data. TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the latest receipts of SSL (Security Protocol Overview, 1999). Refer to figure 1 of the accompaniment. There is ensured discretion of the data due to the use of exhaust hood encryption expertise. There is lucidity substantiation of servers and clientele due to the use of digital credentials.The RSA algorithm use by SSL, it is meant to assist in the safety using autographs as well as digital pervasive. In support of extreme rapid encryption and decryption of data for communication after an establishment of SSL link, the competent algorithm is RC4 (Security Protocol Overview, 1999). SSL can be used in any situation where protection is required between two computers. It can also be used in cases of clientele server co ordinat ions, monetary and movement business (Security Protocol Overview, 1999). HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol)HTTP offers assistance of the starting point in the system since it proposes the path of origin of standard and persistent information prototype contrast sequence. In HTTP, there are a number of classes which are possible for the collapse of data (Alarcon-Aquino et al, 2005). They are inclusive of standard which involves unvarying conduct of the system order which involves no bother. Adjustment of trail entails adaptation of the address of a leaflet in order to make accessibility to impracticable (Embrechts, 1993). The cryptogram introduction requires that there is implantation of malefic ciphers in the add-on of emails.Cross-site writing (XSS) offers access to the confidential IDs, passwords and usernames from different browser casements which are dynamic simultaneously. Finally, there is the prearranged question lingo (SQL) which provides modification of the catalogue, re moving or even plagiarism (Torres, 2003, pp. 8-13). Refer to figure 2 of the appendix. Teredo Protocol This protocol is meant to offer assistance to the client to understand a material in a peculiar(prenominal) report. Teredo protocol works by channelling IPv4 UDP port for a segment of the system that is only IPv4. There are basic machineries which are consisted in the Teredo structures.The components include clientele, communications and servers (Hoagland, 2008, p. 7). Before the sending of packets to and from remote IPv6 nodes, some burrow setup communication has to take place. Therefore there are phases which are followed which include, the customer completing the efficacy procedure in order to establish the address of Teredo. Secondly, the client has to determine which relay to use for a given IPv6 per node. The afterwards, the packet is sent through the relay (Hoagland, 2008, p. 9). See figure 3 in the appendix Possible attacks Storage based attacksComputer security protocols can have attacks that have the possibility of manner of speaking down the system. The attacks can lead the security system to queue up many packets hence leaders the denial of service. This is because the attacks make the legitimate packets not able to be delivered or not able to kick in impertinent peers. The security protocol can be attacked by the storage based attacks. The attack holds information from reaching its destination (Hoagland, 2008, p. 24). Relay DOS Delays of information can be experienced when there is a condition of denial of service on a network based relay.If the relay is not operable and a packet is send then there is no stipulation for the client for establishing a new relay. However, the peer would not be aware of a relay being used and would then send a packet to the address (Hoagland, 2008, p. 25). Server DOS Services can be denied through a brute force attack on the server processing speed or the band width. If the security qualification of the server has part of it as authentication value, then the computation is necessary in retort to every qualification request which is valid (Hoagland, 2008, p. 25). Attack detectionIn detecting attacks in the computer security protocols the solution should be taken depending on which model is used fro detection. Detection models can be hot based model or network based model. The detection of attacks in computer security protocols depends on the model used. The models used in detecting the attacks in security protocols may either be host based models or a network based models (Aquino et al, 2008). When detecting attacks with hot based models, the interruption/intrusion detection systems (IDS) usually make their decisions based on the information which is obtained from either a undivided or multiple host systems.In the net work based model the decisions of the IDS are make by first monitoring the traffic in the network which is connected to the hosts. The computer security system protocols a re dynamic and changing regularly. This makes it necessary to use an approach that is based on deaf(p) networks. The immaterial networks are found to do well in the recognition of pattern, classification and computations of tasks that are parallel. This is why the neutral networks are a collection of extremely interrelated processing elements (Aquino et al, 2008).

In His Tragedies Shakespeare Often Presents Women Merely as the Tragic Victims of Men Essay Example for Free

In His Tragedies Shakespeare Often Presents Women however as the Tragic Victims of Men Es stateIn His Tragedies Shakespeare Often Presents Women Merely as the Tragic Victims of Men. To What goal Do You Consider This Applies to Desdemona In Othello?Thither are no Antigones in Elizabethan Drama, Lyndsey Turner. Turner is here expressing the view that Shakespeare does non use his women as heroines. Instead she is of the opinion that they are used as devices on which the tragic impulses of the plays male char turners are enacted. They are a device to produce a cathartic retort from Shakespeares seeing. In order to discuss to what extent Desdemona complies with this view, it would appear logical to define a tragic victim. some(prenominal) check out that a tragic victim is a character in a tragedy who suffers at the hand of circumstance and the fates. They suffer through no fault of their own and are brought down by others, they are totally powerless to change their fate and d ont contribute to their own tragedy they are altogether the victims of others.It is also vital that they produce a cathartic response from the audience in order for their trauma to be tragic. Looking at these criteria it becomes clear why Shakespeare often uses women as his tragic victims. In the beat Shakespeare was writing women had very little influence on their destiny having to submit either to their father or husband. They were the objects of men. When Iago warns Brabantio of his daughters escape he says Look to your house, your daughter and your bags. This shows of how little importance women were, being so powerless they would past be a natural choice for tragic victims, powerless to avoid their fate because of their weakness in society.However, when Desdemona is first presented to us she does not seem anything like a stereotypical woman of the time. Her character is presented as much stronger than that. Her father has not tried to force her into marriage even telling Ro derigo that, My daughter is not for thee, even though it is clear that Roderigo is a rich man.At the end of Act one he goes to, sell all his land, in order to pursue Desdemona. As Brabantio is not therefore being in any way a tyrant to his daughter her ability to escape from the house and deceive him shocks us and surely would have shocked a contemporary audience even more. This woman is not the mixed bag of person you would expect to become a victim. Before the audience have even seen her she is described as a woman of, Beauty, wit and fortunes. She has gone to Othello in the dead of night protected by a, sea dog of common hire, a gondolier. This shows Desdemonas bravery and strength. All of this increases her status with the audience and detracts from the image of a weak instrumental woman.In Act 1 Scene 3 she defies what the Duke says, when he requests that she stay at her fathers house go Othello is in Cyprus saying that, She did love the Moor to live with him. For a woman t o speak in preliminary of a council of the most powerful people in Venice, not invited to do so, would be shocking to a contemporary audience and really show her strength of character. It is almost as though she is a maidenlike version of Othello, as Patsy Hall says, She cannot be the man, but she can be the husband of the man. She has shunned the monied curled darlings of her nation unlike most women and instead chooses Othello.She doesnt care about his age or work she sees Othellos visage in his mind. The language Shakespeare gives her when talking of her wooing shows how deeply immersed in Othellos world she is she, Falls in love with the battles even her language is strong. My downright violence and storm of fortunes, She is presented as incredibly strong for certain not a figure of lenity. It is seemingly no wonder that Othello calls her, his fair warrior. Although Desdemona is first portrayed as quite a heroic figure by Shakespeare he before long starts to use her as a cathartic device, as the audience watch her previous strength fall away. It becomes clear that Shakespeare made her so strong willed deliberately in order to shape our response to Desdemona. Doing this makes it that much more painful for the audience.A major episode wherein Desdemona is presented as an object of pity is in the handkerchief episode. Desdemona loses her handkerchief and Othello sees Cassio with it. Despite Othellos developing suspicion, Desdemona remains ignorant claiming that, The sun where he was born drew all such humours from him. We feel terrible pity for Desdemona when she says this because Shakespeare has shaped our response using structure and also the irony of her language. In the last background we saw that Othello was seething with jealousy and vowed to kill her.This amplifies hugely our feeling of catharsis for her because we feel so fosterless. Our pity for her is only added to when Shakespeare shapes events in the play so that all her qualities that were viewed as good in the first act of the play cause her to fall even further. However, she is still a victim because she is powerless to stop it she is a victim of circumstance and ignorance that Iago has been planning her destruction. She continues to mention Cassio even when it is clear it is causing Othello irritance, she thinks that it is a trick to arrogate her from her suit. The audiences feeling of catharsis is amplified as we can do nothing while her language puts her fidelity in more doubt in Othellos mindThe time when we pity her most however is when Othello strikes her. Again she says just now the wrong things, through no fault of her own but rather because her loving nature wishes to help Cassio, saying that, She would do much for the love she bears to Cassio. All the audience can do is sit and desperation for her. When he hits her we think that maybe her strength will come back but she simply responds by saying that she, Will not stay to offend Othello. We desperat ion because we know that if she submits to Othello she will die at his hands.This is yet more evidence of Desdemonas good proving to be her downfall. Shakespeare shapes events very cleverly in the next section in order to get the largest cathartic reaction. For a moment it seems like we might see a glimpse of Desdemonas fight. She claims, She has no Lord. The audience think for a moment she will be fine, however soon she is asking Iago, What shall I do to win my Lord again. The assertive Desdemona from the earlier scenes is gone and the audience despair for her. Even when Othello kills her she does not blame him. When asked who has killed her she says, Nobody, I myself. She dies a symbol of goodness and love, the way Shakespeare shapes her demise is unimpeachably tragic.However, is she actually a victim? The audience on the most part at the time would say she is because she does not fall through a flaw in her character. However was she totally helpless and inefficient to change h er fate? Patsy Hall argues that Othello and Desdemona have a, Mutual ignorance of each others nature, saying also that she is, so selflessly devoted that she cannot acknowledge imperfection in her husband. I would agree with this statement by Hall.The audience are constantly perplexed throughout the play as to why Othello will not listen to anyone but Iago. This could be perhaps a comment on how women have had to suffer under the gray society in which Shakespeares original audience was living, perhaps through Desdemona he is trying to show the below the belt nature of their society. But in many ways the same is true for Desdemona. Emilia tries to tell her that, prehensile souls are not ever jealous for the cause, but jealous for they are jealous. But even after this warning Desdemona takes no heed of anyone but Iago, therefore it could just perhaps be confirmation of Iagos intelligence, this backs up Desdemonas role as a victim as she is a victim of others.So in closing there is no doubt that Desdemonas demise is very much tragic. Also having examined the criteria it would be accurate to say that in many ways Desdemona is a victim. She suffers through no fault of her own and is the victim of circumstance. However, I am not sure that one could say that she was totally powerless to stop her eventual fate. I would say that Desdemona was not a victim of Iagos scheming or Othellos jealousy as she could have halt these. She was a victim of her own love for Othello. Therefore, I would say that the statement in the title applies to Desdemona so far as she was the tragic victim of her own love for a man.

School and Communities Essay Example for Free

give lessons and Communities EssayA coach leader guides a student for such a brief moment, solely is one of the connections that contribute to a student being successful and allowing for the student to convert easily in the learning environment? According to the recommended readings there is a correlation between the students home, biotic community, and the take that facilitates the students transitions into and throughout the school system, leading to an environment that supports student success. There ar some(prenominal) major transitions starting with kindergarten and progressing to the pump school level, and then onto heights school. Each transitional time is unfavourable and requires additional support to continue and to achieve academically. Based on my review of various articles, the following topics are promising directions that take over emerged as areas that will make the connection powerful and successful. Family involvement during Kindergarten preparation is all key(p) for young students to achieve to their potential. The importance of being prepared academically for school, and its implications for parents, has been the subject of extensive research and attention. champion recent study suggests that fostering parent support andparent learning about Kindergarten readiness buttocks help ensure that children are adequately prepared to start school (Starkey Klein, 2000 Perroncel, 2000). In my readings it was suggested that a communicate of social connections that support children and families during the Kindergarten transition are needed, including interactions between teachers and children, children and peers, parents and teachers, and preschool teachers and Kindergarten teachers.While there is an increased amount of present about the elements that support Kindergarten readiness, there is withal a need to better integrate the early childhood organic evolution literature tofully take in the connections that make a difference and allow the student to be successful. For example, Fantuzzo et al. (2000) conducted a study to assess parent involvement for children in day care, Head Start, and Kindergarten. Studies such as this can begin to build understanding of how parent involvement changes from pre-school to Kindergarten.Future research can also build our understanding of the specific types of family and community connections that provide a strong support network for children, especially those who come from disadvantaged backgrounds, as they prepare to enter Kindergarten.STUDENT musical passage THROUGH EDUCATION LEVELS 3 Despite the continued occurrence of the myth that family and community connections are primarily important at the chief(a) school level, researchers have begun exploring the effects of school, family, and community connections during transitions to middle and high school as well. Gutman and Midgley (2000) found that during the transition from the elementary level to the middle school lev el, both school factors and family factors were important to support academic skill in African American students.An otherwise study found that, contrary to popular belief, middle and high school students do want their parents to be involved, especially in terms of homework help and other home-based types of support and involvement (Catsambis Garland, 1997). This study found that parent involvement does not decline, as expected, but sooner shifts as students move into middle and high school. Although they continued to be involved, parents reported increasing dissatisfaction with their role in relationship to the school, especially involving school policy (Catsambis Garland).These results confirm the importance of continued exploration of needs that students have during the transition to middle school and to high school, and roles that families play in supporting these transitions. The impact of school outreach is an important finding. School outreach and invitations to families an d community members have a significant impact on the level and quality of family and community connections. In at least three studies, it has been found to have a greater impact than family characteristics on previous student academic execution (Van Voorhis, 2000 Simon, 2000 Chrispeels Rivero, 2000).Simon found that when schools reach out, and families and community members feel that the school is extending invitations at a personal level, they respond with higher attendance at school-based activities and better quality of family involvement at home. The unique role that schools play in initiating and setting the tone for connections with families and the community cannot be denied. Researchers have also suggested that more research is needed regards to what motivates individual school mental faculty members to reach out to parents and community and howschool staff can be further motivated and supported in make these relationships.STUDENT TRANSITION THROUGH EDUCATION LEVELS 4 Th ere is a growing understanding of the role that relationships between staff in schools and community organizations play in the development of successful collaborations between school and communities. Jehlet al. (2001) suggests that there are sticking points, in organizational cultures and values that can hinder school-community connections. They suggest that these sticking points must be understood and addressed in order to build effective partnerships.These disconnects can be exacerbated by the overlook of personal relationships that build trust and understanding between school and community staff ( center of attention for Mental wellness in Schools, 1999a). It is clear that family, school, and community connections can benefit children from before the time they enter Kindergarten until after they fine-tune from high school. Our charge in the educational field of study is to come together to address the issues highlighted in this synthesis paper and to clarify the concept and out comes of family and community connections with schools.In doing so we will better understand these connections and create the knowledge needed to realize the potential of family, school, and community connections for student learning and students success. STUDENT TRANSITION THROUGH EDUCATION LEVELS 5 References Catsambis, S. , Garland, J. E. (1997). Parental involvement in students education during middle school and high school (CRESPAR Report 18). Baltimore, MD Johns Hopkins University. ED423328. http//www. csos. jhu. edu/crespar/Reports/report18entire. htm Center for Mental Health in Schools. (1999a). Expanding educational reform to address barriers to learningRestructuring student support services and enhancing school community partnerships. Los Angeles, CA Center for Mental Health in Schools. http//smhp. psych. ucla. edu/pdfdocs/Report/Expand. pdf Fantuzzo, J. , Tighe, E. , Childs, S. (2000). Family involvement questionnaire A multivariate assessment of family participation in early childhood education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 367-375. Gutman, L. M. , Midgley, C. (2000). The role of protective factors in supporting the academic achievement of poor African American students during the middle school transition. Journal of Youth andAdolescence, 29(2), 223-249. Jehl, J. , Blank, M. J. , McCloud, B. (2001).Education and community building Connecting two worlds. Washington, DC Institute for Educational Leadership, Inc. http//www. communityschools. org/combuild. pdf Starkey, P. , Klein, A. (2000). Fostering parental support for childrens mathematical development An intervention with Head Start families. Early Education and Development, 11(5), 659-680. Van Voorhis, F. L. (2000). The effects of interactive (TIPS) homework on family involvement and science achievement of middle grade students. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida.

Chinese Attitudes Toward Nature, Time, Good and Evil Essay Example for Free

Chinese Attitudes Toward Nature, Time, Good and Evil EssayAs for the emplacement of Chinese citizenry toward genius, it is undisputed that it is marked by a strong feeling of amity, for example, oneness of nature and earth. fit in to Dong Zhongshu, who was the most heavy philosopher of the Western Han, Heaven had its allow for and purpose. It was Heaven that made the sun, the moon, and the stars move, the four seasons change, and wholly animals and plants grow and die. Heaven was kindhearted, so it made things produce one a nonher Heaven was in any case severe, so it made things overcome one another. Moreover, Heaven created a ruler to rule over the people. This representt that Heaven cherished the people to be ruled.When a ruler did nearlything wrong, Heaven would be angry and would give the ruler warnings by causing strange natural phenomena to happen, such as eclipses, earthquakes, floods and droughts. This theorythe inter put through between Heaven and humankin dhad a clear purpose. On the one hand, it was intended to show that the rulers position and magnate were given to him by Heaven, and should not be questioned on the other hand, the ruler should be virtuous and benevolent, and decree well, so as not to incur Heavens anger. Dong had a well-known saw The Way is great be induce it originates in Heaven. Heaven does not change nor does the Way. I would worry to explain the appraisal clearly by an example. That is Feng Shui. Feng Shui (also known as geomancy) is an ancient Chinese system of aesthetics believed to use the laws of two Heaven (astronomy) and Earth (geography) to help one improve intent by receiving positive qi. Maybe umpteen people think it is superstition, but I consider it can reflect the pursuit of harmonious life of Chinese people. There are four purposes in Feng Shui, seeking the harmony of human body the harmony between people and people the harmony between people and society the harmony between people and natu re.Let me give a sm e rattling last(predicate) example close placing a bed. The bed shall(a) be around higher than the knee and not near the door. And it shall face to the south and back to the north in grade to adjust duxhlt, the aorta and large veins direction of the blood circulatory system, so that people can fall a sleep easily, and have a high quality sleep. The bed cant facet the west, because the revolution of the earth is from east to west, making the blood rush toward the head, and people cant sleep soundly. glitter presses which mean air conditioners hang above the pillow, or the lights suspend above the bed, bring about oppression, and cause adverse effect of body and mind. Mirrors cant face the bed, if not people may be startled easily in midnight, and cant be peace. It really can express the attitude toward nature, uniting of heaven and world. As for the attitude of Chinese people toward time, three features will be mentioned about. The premiere is round- type ti me outlook. In the oriental humans, farming is the major way of carrying out material and exchanging crackings dominates all the economic life of the whole society.This pastoral civilization treats human and the nature as interrelated and interacted,the land as an integer organically linked. So in oriental society the round-type time outlook is that nature and human is integrate. This kind of time outlook holds the view that time is like a circle and all the things in the world return to its origina1 state after a cycle of time, for example, the alternation of day and night, the come and go of the four seasons,the turning of the twelve months, the increase of the age and the growing of plants.This kind of time view makes the Orientals lot the time at their disposal and do things at ease. For instance, when a teacher has not finished an in-chief(postnominal) point in his class,he can prolong his class. At the Chinese wedding feast, few people will come at the time which is writt en on the invitation card. Moreover, Chinese use time very coolly and intangibly. Chinese prefer to say some un definite words 1ike at once, sometimes, a short while, which a1ways confuse the westerners.Chinese students who are studying English tend to misuse the extend when communicate with foreigners. In a word, Chinese dont have clear oppositeiation supposition of time. The second is polychromic time system. colorful time system means people are very casual in using time. In other words, being punctual is important, but not strict. Polychromic time system is the heritage of traditional agricultural society. People are used to do severa1 various things at the same time and do things emphasizing prime time.Chinese think that everything in the world develops with the cycling of time, so people catch the time that is ripe for acting, which means each step of our action is determined temporarily by our surroundings. So action is poorly planned by Chinese. In some occasions, peop le can do many things in the same time. A Chinese salesman can halt out with the first customer on the one hand,and show the goods to a second one on the other hand, even greet a third One at the same time. However, westerners can just now accomplish them and also can not accept them. The third is past time penchant.Time orientation is a relatively stable factor in cultural difference. It is connected to the historical background of the. slackly speaking, people who have too heavy tradition, look up to history and past, so their time orientation is past-oriented. Chinese belong to past-oriented. People show great respect to the past. The past experience and 1esson are important reference for todays success and failure. Chinese show respect to ancestors and teachers. They like to say things by referencing to the old books and stories. That is why Chinese call teachers lao shi. lao means old.People attach greatness to age and experience, because they are symbols of power and wis dom, so words like lao and da always mean respect in Chinese. As for the attitude of Chinese people toward good and diabolic, perhaps the most native view of good is found in the Buddhist tradition. Buddhism maintains that we are born pure and are close set(predicate) to what is called loving kindness when we enter this world. Hence, people are good, and our culture is what makes us evil. The view of goodness is also found in Confucianism. Meng Zi made the original goodness of human nature the keynote to his system.To him, the virtue of humanity together with the accompanying virtues of righteousness, rites and wisdom arises from the inner springs of the human heart. These four cardinal virtues come in their ejaculate formthe four beginnings, as the feeling of compassion, shame, modesty, and of the distinction between right and wrong. Such feelings are ecumenical among mankind and they come as naturally ad taste for food, and sight for beauty. This, Meng Zi argued, can be seen i n the fact that a child naturally loves his parents and that a man will instinctively experience a feeling into a well.Therefore, human nature is originally good, and will be good if it is guided by its innate feelings, just as water is inclined to flow downward. In contrast to the concept of the goodness of human nature advocated by Meng Zi, Xun Zi declared that human nature is originally evil because human desires needfully lead to greed and strife if left untrained. Believing that goodness can only be acquired, Xun Zi emphasize the value of education and environment. To him it is environment and authority that make the man, and it is obedience of the precepts of the sage-kings that produces the goodness that is in him.In the end, however, not only is the life of virtue a possibility but even sage-hood is within reach. Therefore, Xun Zi said, Every man on the street can become like the sage-king Yu, a perfect orthodox Confucian note. What mentioned about are viewpoints from the ancients. Nowadays Chinese attitudes toward good and evil are very wide and vague, not like Christianity which has a ten commandments, making the general public even those without much cultural literacy has some certain standards, ruling what can do and can not do, their attitudes toward good and evil are absolutely clear. still to Chinese, nothing must been done and nothing can not be done. The boundary between good and evil is obscure, in some condition something is good but in other condition it may be bad. To Chinese the boundary is always about degree, whether it is excessive or not. For example, talking between Chinese friends sometimes contains abusive language, but it doesnt mean they hate each other, most of time, it is just joking. That carriage is not really evil, but if it is overdone, it will be.Chinese Peoples attitude toward nature, time, good and evil have been formed gradually, and they are relatively stable in a long time, but they are not without changes. The bet ter living conditions, the development of the economy, the improvement of the society and the increase of the interaction of people from different cu1tural backgrounds will undoubtedly have subtle effects on their views, although it is also a long process. What I talking about is some basic attitude of Chinese, it will help foreigner to understand Chinese better, but not always apply to every Chinese at every time.