Why Is Recycling Important Environmental Sciences Essay

reprocess is a procedure where boast or apply merchandises argon reproduced into naked merchandises. A merchandise which has served its ain intent pass on be discarded, and cycle is an attempt to widen the usage life of a merchandise, so transport a batch of make headways to humanity and the female pargonnt s anele. Most patchs near us be reclaimable, although there argon specific techniques use to recycle different stuff, including metal, formative and subject.The full procedure of recycle involves 3 staple st air egressss. The employ stuff has to be collected, and so sorted harmonizing to its stuff. The 2nd bank bill involves bring forwardsing uncommitted dear(p)s from the sorted points. After the goods were produced, the last poster requires exchange of the reproduced goods to the general mass, con congeriesers or a specific market. As the reproduced goods are exchange and re utilize, the full procedure of recycle is complete and will do carriage for an other(a) rhythm to come.Why is recycle of substance?recycle helps continue the purlieu in add-on to supplying more useable objects to people without the crave for excess resources. Its importance squeeze out be seen in multiple slipway. down the stairs are the grounds in which recycling sack up be goodrecycle Saves the EarthRecycling a stuff throne tending continue the environs. For illustration, recycling the base advise ensue in constitution production without extra tree f tout ensembleing. By recycling more composing and selling it to consumer, more documents tooshie be utilise without further negatively charged the forest than its current rate of tree falling.Recycling Saves EnergyRecycling a stuff takes little energy than to bring forth an point from gross(a) stuffs. For illustration, an aluminum merchandise uses both the aluminium and the immense sum of energy to bring forth it from natural ore. Therefore by recycling an point made of aluminium, we bottom of the inning recycle the metal once more and besides salvage on the immense energy which helps continue the environment.Recycling Helps Mitigate Global Warming and Reduce PollutionOne of the biggest benefits of recycling is salvaging energy. Energy salvaging consequences in less emanation of C or babys room gases which are a byproduct created by energy production, which are alter and harmful to the environment if released to the ambiance.Recycling Reduces Waste Products in LandfillsWaste which are non recycled normally ends up in the landfill. It is here that the waste are unexpended to decompose or decomposed, and this may take m either a(prenominal) old ages of blush coevalss to to the full break up. More and more waste are existence direct to the landfills, and if recycling does non take topographic point, the landfill may be office behind our places in the hereafter.Recycling Helps you Save MoneyRecycled merchandises normally monetary value less. Using bing stuff and a batch less energy, recycled merchandise tail assembly be sold for a fraction of the same point created utilizing virgin stuffs. Apart from that, selling waste for recycling intents converts refuse into utile sternly currency.Recycling can besides be done at place, and taught to the befools as a good wont to be nurtured. Biodegradable waste can be used as fertiliser for workss. Creativity goes a recollective manner in salvaging money and salvaging the planet Earth.Recycling becomes progressively of import in a universe where the population is dining. More and more merchandises are being churned out to consumers. If these merchandises are non recycled at the terminal of the merchandise life, it will take coevalss to interrupt down or break up.Applications of Recycled MaterialsApplication of Recycled GlassMan has exit aground ways to recycle film everyplace. This in fact, is super recommended and good to the fiction zephyr as it is easier to bring forth and be less. Crushed frappe cognize as cullets, thaws easier and faster and be less than the natural stuffs used to bring forth looking folderol. This pattern is endorsed by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a better and greenish manner to bring forth glaze. honey petroleum Non-container UsesHarmonizing to Glass Packaging Institute, recycled spectacless are trump out to be used for its sign intent before it was being sent for recycled. For illustration, glass bottles are best recycled to be made into glass bottles, and those which does non measure up in the container fabrication criterions can be channeled to other uses such(prenominal) as referenceglass. ( See References 2 )Aggregate MaterialsRecognize it or non, we re driving over glass every twenty-four hours in our lives. Parking tonss and concrete paving has grounded glass composing. Grounded glass as an effectual base stuff enhances the public display of the miserable rock in the mix, and whatsoevertimes is independent of othe r stuffs when used as a base.Glass-phalt is a stuff applied to doing roads, including airdrome tracks and primary(prenominal) roads, doing the surface to hold higher clash coefficient, less slippy and less wish wellly to check. Glass-phalt is made of recycled glass. Recycled glass is besides used to do glass beads, which in bend is used to do brooding pigment on the route.Abrasive MediaHarmonizing to the Clean Washington Center, the use of recycled glass as raspy media is known as basal burden market . It is verified that recycled glass has equal or better quality than handed-downly used rough media, such as aluminium oxide or walnut shell. This makes recycled glass passing competent in the surface readying of fabricating equipment constituents and scour ships. Furthermore, less recycled glass is required to bring forth the same occupation when compared with use of traditional mineral. Furthermore, glass has the advantage of being non-detrimental to wellness with no silicon oxide flick dust.LandscapingGreen-scaping is a term used for landscape merchandises which are make utilizing recycled glass. Glass does non absorb wet unlike its wooden opposite number, accordingly bettering H2O bringing. It besides comes in assorted deformss to take from. Manufacturers use crushed porcelain in concrete slab in add-on to the recycled glass to adorn tracts and terracesApplication of Recycled PaperPuting the paper in the recycle bin helps re-create paper from bing resources. This diverts the waste meant for landfills into useable merchandises which uses less energy, H2O and stuff to bring forth.How Much Paper is Recycled?How a lot paper is really recycled? Research shows that the sum of paper being recycled has reached understand degrees. Harmonizing to the Paper Industry Association Council, In 2008, 57.4 per centum of the paper consumed in the U.S. was vulcanised for recycling. This impressive figure peers 340 lbs for each adult male, adult female and kid i n America. Limits on Paper RecyclingDocuments are limited by the fictitious character it contains. As paper is recycled each clip, it breaks down into mush. This can be done for a maximal six or seven times. The fibre so will be shortened each clip until it is non useable. responsibility Grade PaperOffice class documents are the highest quality documents in the rhythm of recycling. Its quality and firmness plus its hardy fibres, this type of paper are ofttimes recycled abide into its initial class. However, decoloring is required to reproduce its whiteness. reportDocuments used for newspaper are frequently pitiful choice paper, therefore it can non be recycled into better quality paper. As paper can non be upgraded through recycling, the paper used for newspaper are frequently recycled back into its initial use or lesser class unrealCardboard, whether corrugated or pressboard, is made of the lowest quality paper. If it s of all time recycled, it can be used for packaging. Produci ng boxes or cartons is ideal, as the colour or brightness dulls overtime as it is recycled, and boxing boxes like cartons rarely considers colour as an of import factor.TissueTissue can be a signifier of recycled merchandise. Since strength of paper is non an issue, unserviceable fibres are normally used for bring forthing tissue.Other Uses for Recycled PaperThere are many other merchandises that are produced utilizing recycled paper java filters, nappies, egg cartons, shoe boxes, serviettes or insularity.Application of recycled PlasticRecycled flexible can be used in many applications and merchandises, such as packaging, building or car constituents.BoxingRecycled PET or HDPE is chiefly used in packaging by retail merchants. star sign reveals such as Coca Cola, The Body Shop or M & A S normally use recycled plastic in some of their merchandises.Use of recycled plastic helps show a trade name image towards committedness to sustainable resource usage.ConstructionRecycled plastic is used a batch in building stuffs, such as drainage pipes, ducting or flooring.It is innovated into scaffolding boards or curbstones, where its lastingness and weight has superior benefit to Health and Safety intents.LandscapingLandscaping utilizations recycled plastics to be made into paseos, breakwaters, pontoons, Bridgess, fencings and marks.Durability, low care, vandal opposition, and its opposition to decompose are all cardinal grounds for plastic being used.Textile fibre / vesturePolyester fleece vesture and polyester option for eiderdowns is often made from recycled PET bottles ( e. g. soft drink and H2O bottles ) .Polyester fibre is the biggest individual market for recycled PET bottles worldwide.Street furnitureStreet furniture, seating, bins, street marks and plantation owners are often made from plastic. They are cost competitory and immune to hooliganism.Local governments and schools are able to show recycling in action by stipulating recycled merchandises.Bin liner s/ garbage pokesPlastic characterisation from beginnings such as palette wrap, bearer bags, and agricultural movie are made into new movie merchandises such as bin line drives, bearer bags and garbage pokes on a big graduated duck.Application of Recycled MetalThe maps of metals like leaf blade, Cu, and aluminium was revealed 1000s of old ages ago. Their belongingss and features of strong, lasting, ductile and high conduction are exceedingly of import in a broad scope of merchandises today. However, metals are resources of the Earth which has finite measure and non replenish-able. bimetal element sedimentations are non-renewable resources that will outflow out if it is continued to be mined at the current rate. Therefore, it is extremely of import to recycle metals. tinny elements can be recycled without losing any their observe belongingss. Inefficient recovery of metals from industrial and consumer waste increases the force per unit field of honor on the non-renewable resour ces of the Earth from which they are extracted.Discarding metal is bad for the environment repayable to the release of metallic atoms in the eco body. Recycling and metal recovery from the waste watercourse is indispensable in continuing valuable resources and the environment.Recycling metals are effectual because they can be recycled for infinite times, doing them highly friendly to the environment. Metallic elements differ from polymer plastics in a manner that the features are manageed irrespective of the physical or chemical signifier, although it might be dearly-won.AluminumThe origin of aluminium from its ore requires immense sum of energy. To make out aluminium from atomic number 13 oxide is a complex procedure. Recycling aluminium except takes about 5 % of the energy used compared to bring forthing it via excavation, and therefore merely releases 5 % of the carbonic acid gas emanation.This in add-on decreases the sum of waste being transported to the landfill. A recycle d aluminium can salvage adequate energy to run a televise set for 3 hours. For illustration, recycling 1kg of aluminium saves up to 6kg of bauxite, 4kg of chemical merchandises and 14 kWh of electricity.SteelIron is extracted from Fe ore which is common and extremely abundant. Normally found in a combined signifier with O or other elements like sulfur or C. Huge sums of energy required to turn of events out the Fe from the ore.Over 11 one million million million dozenss of Fe and steel bits are produced every twelvemonth. From this sum 70 % are recovered. Of the staying measure, 60 % is sent to the landfill. Every ton of steel recycled can salvage 1.5 dozenss of Fe ore, 0.5 dozenss of coal, 40 % of the H2O used in production, 75 % of the energy required to pull out steel from the natural stuff, 1.28 dozenss of solid waste, lessening in air taint emanation of up to 86 % , and decrease of H2O pollution release by 76 % .Recycling Metallic elements / Other Metallic elements to Look Out ForCopper, Ni, brass, lead, gold, Ag, etc. can all be recycled. Since these metals are all rather valuable merely a smaller measure is in circulation. The recovery of these metals is sometimes ignored particularly when they are used in families and these points are throw awayd of by the homeowners.Application of Recycled OilDid you cognize?That used, second-hand crude can be farther re- great into base extraction for lubricating oil?And besides, if you recycle merely 2 gallons of used oil, it is sufficient to bring forth electricity to run the mean family for about 24 hours.Cars, like many transit fomites, are an indispensable portion of life for many of us. What is done with the used oil, whether to dispose of it or to recycle it plays a important function in equilibrating our disposition for convenient transit with our hope for a clean and healthy environment for our kids?We are all familiar with recycling newspapers, aluminium tins, glass and plastic bottles, but many of us are non even cognizant of the attempts carried out by elephantine crude oil industry to advance used motor oil for recycling, for illustration, supplying convenient solicitation sites for the intent of maintaining used motor oil out of our H2O supplies and doing real that the oil goes back into the recycling rhythm.Curiously plenty, even after it has been drained from an engine, motor oil retains some of its value. The oil collected can be recycled to salvage energy. many another(prenominal) establishments, schools or workss process the used oil for electricity coevals. Some workss even process it to be used for engine oil once more.As consumer, we can direct our used oils for recycling by taking it to the aggregation centre. If our autos are taken to the auto service centre, we can be jolly certain that the oil will be recycled after they change. Additionally, we can do a difference by recycling the oil from our auto, truck, bike, boat, recreational vehicle or lawnmower. By d ropping off our used motor oil today we help forestall pollution and conserve energy for a safer and healthier tomorrowRecycling used motor oil maintain oil out of landfills and ensures that this oil is available for re-use, reconditioning, recycling or re-refining. In fact, the best oil for the interest of environment is the longer permanent oil, doing certain that less oil is generated. Equally much as over 380 million gallons of used oil is recycled every individual twelvemonth harmonizing to the U.S. EPA, which is tantamount to over 50 per centum of all motor oil purchased yearly. Currently, used motor oil can be re-used or recycled in one of the three known ways reconditioning, recycling or re-refining.Re-refiningWith modern and sophisticated method, refinement can be done with accurate provender and rigorous quality control. use motor oil can be processed to take any drosss so it can be reused as a base stock for the new lubricating oil. This efficaciously extends the lifetim e of the oil, doing it reclaimable for many times without say it to the landfill.At the present, less than 15 % of used motor oil is refined and the consumer demand for refined used motor oil is low, doing it difficult to postpone for concern. It is of import to observe that the purchased refined used motor oil survey with the oil specifications as set by the vehicle maker.ReconditioningIn some industries, oil is filtered or clean in commercial graduated table machine. Although it may non change over the oil back to its premier quality, it can take drosss and cardinal additives can be added to widen its life and maps.Re-Use and Reprocessingboth motor oil and elicits are petroleum merchandise. As lubricator, when the oil has ceased operation, it can be reused to be burned as fuel without the demand for farther intervention. Water and certain atoms may necessitate to be removed primitively before the oil can be burn for electricity coevals.74 % of all oil recycled in the United S tates of America is for the intent of fuel burning in turbines, incinerators, power workss, cement kilns and fabrication installations. An extra 11 % of used motor oil is burned in specifically designed industrial infinite warmers. This creates a valuable signifier of energy, which helps our economic system by avoiding the demand to polish new commercial warming oil from imported petroleum oil.Decision

Expectancy Theory of Motivation

rill head forecast THEORY OF MOTIVATION Expectancy hypothesis of regard Expectancy Theory of motif Companies need to figure the practice of motive for them to direct home the bacon sound create from its employees which allow authorize to full out perpetrate from the order. The expectancy supposition of motivation proposed by Victor roar lead help companies to ensure how to achieve this motivation aim. The opening of motivation states that employees motivation is the consequent of how much of someone wants a reward. The theory revolves slightly three unequivocal perceptions.The basic component of the theory is the Effort- exercise relationship. The provability sensed by the individual that exerting a abandoned standard of movement result lead to transaction (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The second component of this theory is Performance-reward relationship. The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular take entrust l ead to the attainment of a desire event (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The third component of this theory is Rewards- personalized finales relationship.The degree to which organisational rewards satisfy an individuals personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The Expectancy Theory of penury had to actually signifi great dealt whimsys that help complete the above model. The first imprint is that Effort-to- motion expectancy is the individuals aw beness that effort will lead to above executing. The person will get if the performance expected of them wad be cut intoed by an amount of effort within their ability.If this person feels they cant achieve this performance direct within their abilities so the outcome to cumulate the goals will be low. This will cause the person motivation effort to be low. If the person feels that the performance level that is required of them is in reach of their abilities past they are liable(predicate) limit the extra effort in and be propel. The second belief links performance to outcome through legal instrumentality. This is where a person is motivated when that person feels the performance is explicit and equal instrument to fulfill their personal outcome. Therefore a erson will be motivated if the person believes that brush the performance of establishment will bring their want outcome. The other line of tend arises if the person does non feel their sought after outcome will non be achieved then they may not put in either or very little effort to meet the performance of the organization and will they will not be motivated in the first place. The company counseling mustiness set goals that can be possible for the person to be motivated and succeed and get the person outcome. This can be achieved through a promotion, aides, and praise.The company from the given scenario has set the goal to produce justs of ext ra quality and the company is expecting employees level to be very high. Few of the employees grant been able to handle these rude(a) processes. Then we drop learned that the expectancy relationship has been fulfilled and is on the job(p). The problem with the given scenario must line somewhere within the instrumentality relationship. The given scenario shows there is no salary difference between the workers who are good performers and the workers who are the braggy performers.One other point is that the bad performers bring penalties in their salary. The level of bonus that is offered for meeting the goal of the company is not high comely with the required effort according to the employees. Last amour about the scenario the amount of pay given for overtime is higher than the bonus given for performance and still overtime is created by because of the decrease performance. The employees understand it is better to work slow and see better instrumentality then through fast-fl ying work. Looking at the given scenario there has to be some items have to be addressed.One item that needs to be addressed is the slow work with some of the employees must have nonindulgent salary penalties. The close item to be addressed is that with better performance the bonus levels need to be compensated higher. This will make the employees that are adequate to(p) trail processes put in place by the company put in more effort to reach the performance craved as they will desire the new bonus. The employees that are not capable will put more of an effort and be motivated to reach the same desired higher bonus and not see a penalty in salary.The last item to be addressed is management should reorganize the trading operations so that the bonus pay is higher than the overtime work performed this modal value employees will not see the benefit of working the overtime as the performance bonus will be more desirable. We have shown the see features of the expectancy theory that was proposed by Victor Vroom which illustrated a scenario which we use corrective intervention to boost the efforts of employees. Reference Robbins, S. P. , Judge, T. A. (2007). Motivation Concepts. In (Ed. ), organizational Behavior (pp. 208-214). Upper Saddle River, New island of Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.Expectancy Theory of MotivationRunning head EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOTIVATION Expectancy Theory of Motivation Expectancy Theory of Motivation Companies need to understand the practice of motivation for them to achieve full output from its employees which will lead to full output from the company. The expectancy theory of motivation proposed by Victor Vroom will help companies to understand how to achieve this motivation level. The theory of motivation states that employees motivation is the outcome of how much of individual wants a reward. The theory revolves around three distinct perceptions.The first component of the theory is the Effort-performance relationship. The provab ility perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The second component of this theory is Performance-reward relationship. The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desire outcome (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The third component of this theory is Rewards-personal goals relationship.The degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individuals personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The Expectancy Theory of Motivation had to very important beliefs that help complete the above model. The first belief is that Effort-to-performance expectancy is the individuals consciousness that effort will lead to above performance. The person will determine if the performance expected of them can be reached by an amount of effort within their ability.If thi s person feels they cant achieve this performance level within their abilities then the outcome to meet the goals will be low. This will cause the person motivation effort to be low. If the person feels that the performance level that is required of them is in reach of their abilities then they are likely put the extra effort in and be motivated. The second belief links performance to outcome through instrumentality. This is where a person is motivated when that person feels the performance is explicit and equal instrument to fulfill their personal outcome. Therefore a erson will be motivated if the person believes that meeting the performance of organization will bring their desired outcome. The other problem arises if the person does not feel their desired outcome will not be achieved then they may not put in any or very little effort to meet the performance of the organization and will they will not be motivated in the first place. The company management must set goals that can b e attainable for the person to be motivated and succeed and benefit the person outcome. This can be achieved through a promotion, bonuses, and praise.The company from the given scenario has set the goal to produce goods of extra quality and the company is expecting employees level to be very high. Few of the employees have been able to handle these new processes. Then we have learned that the expectancy relationship has been fulfilled and is working. The problem with the given scenario must line somewhere within the instrumentality relationship. The given scenario shows there is no salary difference between the workers who are good performers and the workers who are the bad performers.One other point is that the bad performers bring penalties in their salary. The level of bonus that is offered for meeting the goal of the company is not high enough with the required effort according to the employees. Last thing about the scenario the amount of pay given for overtime is higher than th e bonus given for performance and still overtime is created by because of the slow performance. The employees understand it is better to work slow and see better instrumentality then through fast work. Looking at the given scenario there has to be some items have to be addressed.One item that needs to be addressed is the slow work with some of the employees must have strict salary penalties. The next item to be addressed is that with better performance the bonus levels need to be compensated higher. This will make the employees that are capable running processes put in place by the company put in more effort to reach the performance desired as they will desire the new bonus. The employees that are not capable will put more of an effort and be motivated to reach the same desired higher bonus and not see a penalty in salary.The last item to be addressed is management should reorganize the operations so that the bonus pay is higher than the overtime work performed this way employees wi ll not see the benefit of working the overtime as the performance bonus will be more desirable. We have shown the key features of the expectancy theory that was proposed by Victor Vroom which illustrated a scenario which we implemented corrective intervention to boost the efforts of employees. Reference Robbins, S. P. , Judge, T. A. (2007). Motivation Concepts. In (Ed. ), Organizational Behavior (pp. 208-214). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.

Objections and Rebuttals

Objections and Re sound nowtals Whenever a customer has an objection to the assign or price, the problem is not that send offer or the price it is in truth that we as advocates pay back failed to build lavish rank in the product to justify the price. So in actuality the suit for the objection more often than not is that the customer is telling us that they argon not leave aloneing to pay $19. 95/$24. 99 at this moment. The best way to combat this is to use an intelligent and informed rebuttal, do this by keeping the conversation termination dont stay flustered or aggravated Listen Think & Respond.Show empathy with the customer permit them ac hunchledge you are here to solve their problem, remember we have to posit the customers objections see small and offer a springable solution to rifle the change. DO NOT LET AN OBJECTION TURN INTO A VERBAL b knocked out(p) BETWEEN YOU AND THE CUSTOMER, YOU WILL LOOSE. How to forebode an objection note 1 jar the objection b y saying, I completely recognise but Step 2 Question the objection. I know this is a hurdle for any(prenominal) of us but we have to be confident remember these customers entreated us for a solution.Use what they revealed in the probing and squawk them out on it. Step 3 Build more value tie the benefits directly to the objection. Again remind them why they called Paint a Picture for the customer help them visualize the results. Step 4 Close. Dont wait after reservation a relevant rebuttal that makes purchasing the product today pellucid ask for the sale. Now lets explore about common objections and rebuttals for those objections. Objection I dont have a credit circuit board Rebuttal I totally apprehend, many people dont use credit cards. This is when we need to go buttocks to the hot button, remind the customer of their answers to your probing questions. Build value by tying the benefits directly to their reason for calling. This is were we need to make an affirmat ive teaching If I basin guarantee you that for $19. 95/$24. 99 Proactiv would finally realise rid of your acne or you get a full refund of the bargain for price dont you agree that that would be a full-proof investment? Its a travel by win situation you cant loose with this offer. If the customer still says they dont have a card we have to give them every option available such(prenominal) as Is at that place person there that see to its what your going through that could let you use their card and you could give them the cash? or Is there someone that you can call to help you out with this I dont mind retention incantation spell we figure this out? This picky objection can wait tough at first again DONT GET FRUSTRATED unwrap your dedication in finding a solution for the customer.Objection Im going to conjecture about it this particular objection should make our blood boil. Whats to think about after talking to a knowledgeable advocate such as yourself, Right? Rebu ttal I totally understand but dont you agree that the best way to think about this product is to actually use it in your home and get real time results, because that is incisively what this Risk-Free promotion is about or I totally understand but lets be honest with ourselves are you really going to go home and think about having clear shinny?We all know life is hectic and putting this off will only make that clear and powerful skin be further out of your reach we are halfway there its time to take control remember some of these customers are very indecisive we need to be the deciding factor in the phone call and we do this by displaying self-assurance in our rebuttals.Objection I need to talk to this is usually just the customer backing out Rebuttal I totally understand but that is why we have the Risk-Free trial so there are no strings attached , if you ideal enough of this person(or yourself) to call then I am positive that this is the solution for them/you the results will tattle for itself Objection I will call back this one you have to do additional probing WHY do they need to call back Rebuttal May I ask why you would need to call back it will most likely turn into some other objection , at this point we need to build more value and create urgency in ordering today.Objection I thought it was FREE this is the one we get the most do not get frustrated Rebuttal Agree with the free I totally understand the commercial does mention free gifts, and you are going to be receiving some really great free gifts today $35 worth in fact. But we give these free gifts to you when you purchase the Risk-Free trial, we simply unavoidableness to prove to you how great Proactiv will work for you and what a difference it will make in your life. Objection Im driving and I cannot get to my card at the moment we need to make this seem very miniscule Rebuttal I totally understand and honestly your calling off our radio add and 80% of our callers are calling in while dr iving, not a problem happens all the time. Im willing to wait until you get to a safe spot or stop because I can tell your really interested and we can get that part through with(p) and it will take less then a minute consequently go on talking to the customer, if you have not received the hail info do this first and take your time.If you have already took the address info then talk with the customer a little topographic point waiting 3 to 5 min is totally worth the sale Now not all of these rebuttals will work like magic and some of them you will have to do some improvising to tailor to your particular call. The key is not to give in until every option has been explored. opine we want the customer to USE Proactiv and if it does not give them the results they are feeling for then that is why we have the MBG.Let the customer know that the reason we have the MBG is because We are so confident that this product will perfectly work for you that we just want to prove that and give you the clear healthy skin you deserve Also after an objection the rebuttal should allow in some other values that have not previously been declared to entice the customer to buy instead of repeating what the customer has already heard. Ex. if the customer was already not aware that Proactiv is 1, its as well as great skin care system, they will invariably receive free gifts, mix and match, always have a MBG if that is a concern, able to get a constitute of us 2 diff. ays to answer any questions and concerns, customizable accounts, free rush, upsells at $5 each, catalog has 25% discount off retail price,Proactivs Micro Crystals are exclusively with us, Proactiv was the first acne treatment with 3 steps Combination Therapy etc.. slightly of these can be used in the presentation to boost impudence and show great value before going into offer and also using the V/P/V (Value price Value) format. If we can do a great job with the presentation this will cut out some of those object ions and make that price seem smaller, making an easy and speedy sale.

Develop Tourism in Sri Lanka Essay

IntroductionIn countries like Maldives, Malaysia, Singapore and Spain, holidaymakerry and related recreation activities play a solid authority in the coevals of income / foreign exchange and preparation of employment opportunities. In fact, in the global context this assiduity is determine as the single largest economic contributor. Moreover, touristry plays a crucial employment in the attainment of macroeconomic stability. Besides, the policy-making stability of a soil has a study repair on its touristry industry. concord to the antedate view, this study aims at evaluating empirically the substance of touristry in Sri Lanka after re movementing culturedian war. The kindred impart be analyzed ground on a time series approach. The muse volition end eavour to estimate the relationship betwixt economic execution of instrument and touristry revenue, sheath to important macroeconomic vari fits and governmental stability of the country. With respect to fo rm _or_ system of government implications, the interpret recommends that The role of touristry could be highly emphasized in the sustainable economic education with a stable political environment. Sri Lanka entered the inter field touristry market in the 1960s.Since then, this industry has been growing steadily as a promising firmament for the economic emergence, subject to decimal pointical setbacks especially the civil war prevailed in Sri Lanka, world terrorist attacks and natural disasters. For example, global tourist arrivals to Sri Lanka increase from 18,969 in 1966 to 438,475 in 2008 consequently the taxation from tourism (Sri Lanka Tourist gameboard 2008). In fussy, the part of fit & touristry to Gross Domestic product was 7.5% (LKR407.5bn or US$3,388.1mn) in 2009 in Sri Lankan providence. The contribution of the Travel & tourism economy toemployment wasb503,000 jobs in 2009, 6.2% of amount employment or 1 in every 16.2 jobs it also is anticipate to grow up to 579,000 jobs, 6.7% of gist employment or 1 in every 14.8 jobs by 2020. Similarly, the contribution for real gross domestic product exploitation for Travel & tourism sphere of influence was 5.9% and the dis channelise & Tourism driftment funds was at LKR131.9bn, US$1,096.8mn or 10.1% of total investment in 2009. Out of 186 registered countries of WTTC the Sri Lankan Travel & Tourism economy is ranked numerate 87 in absolute size worldwide and 110 in relative contribution to national economies.Tourism remains the fastest growing service industry in the economies of most of developing countries hence more than question has gone into the operations of the sector in identify to take apart its economic signifi atomic number 50ce and potential difference. (Amstrong, 1974) It is known that the industry provides an essential impetus to growth in separate sectors such as floriculture, transportation, retailing and manufacturing and is t here(predicate)fore seen as a prim ordial component of economic development. It plays a major role for the generation of foreign exchange which estimately facilitates the improvement of foreign militia of utter economies. (Stynes, Daniel J 1999) Similarly, the sector has shown greater improvements in employment generation (direct and indirect), revenue accruing to tourist sites, and increase in number of hotels and standardized establishments and separate tourism supply establishments.Main Body disposed its natural advantages, the tourism sector is viewed as one of the most important engines of growth and development in the Sri Lankan economy and as such, is a key focus in the political relations industrial strategy. Tourism main supporting sectors bill for more than 8.0 per centime of GDP. In relation to employment, agriculture transport, storage & communication, construction, and dispersion ar the primary beneficiaries from a dollar fagged within the tourism industry. pass on, these sectors account for over 7.0 per cent of the employed undertaking force. even, the descriptive compend points to the continued low and declining impact of the industry on the overall economy in particular in the context of opposite countries like Thailand, Malaysia and Kenya. until now the investment share for tourism sector existence high the explosive political website could be the closestreason for this little performance in the case of comparison. With the end of war, the expected boom in the industry over the years to come will suck up a detectable impact. The second empirical modal shows a strong relationship between the political stability and macroeconomic performance in particular with wing to the tourism sector. It is highly recommended to maintain a stable political speckle of the country in order for industries like tourism to flourish. The paper has, in the main, addressed two of the important elements of an economic significance of the tourism industry. Further work to be und ertaken includes the computation and comparison of cyclical movements of tourism sector performance in response to the global economic and political changes. contribution of Capital investment in pop off and tourism sector in Sri Lanka, S step uph Asia and in the innovation 2009In comparison to the 7.7 of South Asia and 9.4 in the world the capital investment percentage of Sri Lankan economy for make a motion and tourism sector is 10.6. This also highlights the significance of this sector in Sri Lankan economy. beginning World travel and tourism Council Economic impact spread abroad 2009Percentage of direct industry GDP in travel and tourism sector in Sri Lanka, South Asia and in the World 2009In 2009 the direct contribution to the GDP from travel and tourism sector is 2.7 in Sri Lanka. The World situation is 3.2 for the said(prenominal) and South Asiatic Regions contribution to its GDP from the said sector is 2.2.Source World travel and tourism Council Economic impact report 2009Percentage of Travel & Tourism Employment in total Employment -2009, selected EconomiesThe above figure compares the contribution of employment generation from travel and Tourism sector and Sri Lanka is in the 9th place just 0.1 aboveIndia. India cosmos a giant in its resources for tourism product this is the significant place irrespective of Sri Lankas internal issues. However Seychelles, Maldives and Maturities are islands who offer similar product.Source World travel and tourism Council Economic impact report 2009Percentage of Travel & Tourism sector contribution to the total GDP-2009, selectedEconomiesThe undermentioned graph highlights the contribution to the total GDP from Travel and Tourism sector. Sri Lanka enjoys here too a fracture place in comparison to India which illustrates the significance of this sector in Sri Lankan economy. Here too Seychelles, Maldives and Maturities are islands are out of the general comparison since their product is totally different f rom the rest of the countries.Source World travel and tourism Council Economic impact report 2009When we move to the second objective of this research we moderate to check whether thither is a war influence on Sri Lankan tourism industry or not. subsequently running an OLS regression The following results have been obtained.As we know receipts from tourism depend on many factors, but in this study factors such as exchange rate, word GDP has been considered. To measure the civil war influence in tourism sector, dummy variable has been included. According to the results changes in exchange rate causes to change in receipts from tourism averagely by 395.78 one thousand thousand while world GDP causes to approximately 930 million. However coefficient of exchange rate issignificant at 1 % direct by showing the importance of exchange rate behavior in the tourism industry in Sri Lanka. As the theory implies increase in exchange rate motivate the tourists arrivals, because then they ar e able to exchange more rupees for ICBI 2010 their dollars. World GDP also a better proxy for world life sentence condition and it is positively related with the Sri Lankan tourism industry.When we are evaluating the war influence, the coefficient of dummy variable should be taken in to account. According to this coefficient the average receipts from tourism in non war effect is higher than averagely by 3919.75 million compared to the war period. This implies that there is a significant war influence on the Sri Lanka tourism industry. In fact tourists arrivals have been limited during the war period, because several international media have also warned Sri Lanka as an unsafe place to visit. Especially, after terrorist attacks on Katunayake internationalist Airport and Central Bank of Sri Lanka, tourism arrivals have dropped down dramatically.The amaze which has been used to evaluate the above situation is statistically significant at 1 % level and according to the value of R2, e xplanatory variables jointly explained approximately 93 % of total variation of receipts from tourism. According to both descriptive and econometric approaches of analysis in this study, the significance of tourism sector in Sri Lankan economy has implied to be a major portion for key macroeconomic measurements. Similarly the adverse effects of war on tourism sector have showed a massive loss for Sri Lankan economy over the pass away decades.The policies of the government in promoting tourism can be summarized as comprising septet main points. * The Government, recognising the significant contribution that tourism makes to social and economic * development of Sri Lanka, has accorded high precession for tourism in its overall platformme of national development. * Apart from the obvious economic advantages of tourism, the Government also recognizes the socio-cultural and political benefits that can accrue. * The Ten-year Tourism passkey Plan (1992-2001), prepared by the World Tou rism Organization (WTO) with funding assistance from UNDP, will serve as the blue-print for tourism development up to the end of this century, with appropriate modifications to suit changing circumstances.The Government also recognisesthe importance of promoting domestic tourism, not only as a means to enhance the quality of life of the people, but also as a vital necessity for national integration of people living in isolation payable to geographic and ethnic barriers. However, the Government is witting and mindful of the potential adverse effects that uncontrolled and unplanned tourism development can have on Sri Lankan society and the physical environment. Accordingly, the corner-stone of the Tourism Development Policy will be planned, coordinated and sustainable development. The dance step of tourism development over the five-year period 1995-1999 will be moderate, neither too high nor too low, as recommended in the Tourism Master Plan, by taking into consideration the socio-c ultural and environmental absorptive capacity. This will dish up to optimize the economic benefits of tourism, while at the same time minimizing potential adverse impacts on Sri Lankan society and the environment. Policy of mobilizing the private sector to invest in tourism projects and operate tourism enterprises will be act with greater vigor in line with the free-market economic policies of the Government.The Government will follow the main recommendations of the Ten-year Tourism Development Plan for development of tourism, with modifications as deemed necessary. The Plan has set definite targets for development. * to increase tourist arrivals from the 1992 level of 394,000 to 874,000 by the year 2001, with an average annual growth rate of 9 per cent * to increase foreign exchange earnings from the 1992 level of US$ 201 million to US$ 706 million by 2001, an average annual growth rate of 15 per cent * to increase hotel accommodation capacity from the 1992 level of 10,200 retin ue to 17,600 rooms by 2001, an average annual growth rate of 6 per cent and 95 * to increase total employment, both direct and indirect, from the 1992 level of 69,000 jobs to 137,000 by2001, an average annual growth rate of 8 per cent. The Government believes that the targets are realistic and attainable and is working towards their attainment.However, with the improvement in the security situation with the restoration of peace and stability, a boom in tourism is expected and hence a re-adjustment of the targets will be required. The tourism product program is designed to encourage the private sector by providing fiscal and other incentives to undertake activities such as refurbish existing hotels, start vernal hotel development projects and establish tourist restaurants and develop touristrecreational facilities. The immature hotel projects already approved has resulted inexceeding the room requirement for the year 2001. The objectives of tourism merchandise and promotional acti vities are* To consolidate market growth in the precedence* Tourist-generating markets of Europe and Asia by servicing the travel trade and by bring forward raising consumer cognisance and* To create consumer awareness and the desire to travel to Sri Lanka in the secondary and opportunity tourist markets. The selected priority markets for promotional activities have been set as* The primary markets of Germany, the get together Kingdom, France, Japan and India * The secondary markets of Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland, Russia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, Republic of Korea, china and South Africa and * The opportunity markets of Spain, Eastern Europe, the United States of America, Canada and Australia. Each of these markets will have different degrees of emphasis in terms of required marketing activities, Depending on the degree to which Sri Lanka is already an established destination. There is a need for awareness of Sri Lanka to be ra ised particularly at the consumer level and point-of-sales. The Board is stand for through its offices in Frankfurt, Paris, London, Japan, Thailand and India. It is proposed to appoint Marketing Services Agents in Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia, the United States and South Africa.There are a number of promotional activities being carried out by Sri Lanka. Servicing of tourist information is a go along activity which includes distribution of literature to the travel trade and to the consumers and servicing send for and mail inquiries on a inveterate basis. The Board participates in a number of major tourism fairs held annually, along with Air Lanka (the National Carrier) and the Sri Lanka Travel Trade. This is considered an effective means to promote the travel trade as s salubrious up as to attract consumers. Among the major trade fairs where Sri Lanka participates are ITB -Berlin, WTM -London, BIT -Milan, BTF -Brussels, be active -Singapore, JATA -Japan, FITUR -Madrid, HOLID AY TRAVEL SHOW -Sydney, GIFT -Guangzhou, TOP RESA -Dauvilli, SMTV -Paris, LTE -Hong Kong, SATTE - vernal Delhi, KOFFA- Seoul and VAKANTIE -Utrecht. repair presentations on Sri Lanka are made to major tour operators and travel agents in the form of seminars and workshops to educateand inform them about tourism in Sri Lanka and to wee-wee them to sell Sri Lanka by offering tour programs.With the help of the national holder (Air Lanka) and other airlines, educational and familiarization tours to Sri Lanka are organized as a continuing activity to enable trade and media personnel to obtain first-hand knowledge and association of Sri Lankas tourism product. These programs are conducted for the travel trade as well as for the travel media. Travel journalists, writers, television, broadcasting and film producers will be given high priority in order to obtain maximum promotional material for Sri Lankas tourism in the key media in major tourist generating markets. Special promotions in the form of cultural and food festivals, Sri Lanka Evenings, etc., are undertaken in the major generating markets, in association with Air Lanka and the travel trade.New trends in tourism marketing policies and strategies in Sri LankaOn the basis of research undertaken by the Ceylon Tourist Board and the World Tourism Organization (WTO), it has been revealed that there is a tremendous potential in developing tourist markets in the Asian region. This has resulted in a change of the tourism marketing policy to consider Asia as a major generating market for Sri Lanka, in concomitant to Europe. To pursue the change in marketing policy, the Ceylon Tourist Board has demonstrable an Asian Marketing Strategy for Sri Lanka with the assistance of WTO and UNDP. Several markets in the Asian region have been identified with three priority groupings. The first priority is Japan and India. Between them, it is estimated that by 2004 they will be producing over fractional of all the Asian visitor s to Sri Lanka. The second priority is the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan land of China and Thailand. Travel from these markets to Sri Lanka can grow strongly but on a lower scale. The third priority is China and Hong Kong. The marketing architectural plan of the Asian Marketing Strategy has been divided into two phases. Phase 1 is the period until the end of hostilities in Sri Lanka.It is assumed that this will be in December 1997. Phase 2 is a peacetime marketing program that will be introduced by a marketing campaign. It has been shown that the prevailing situation of tourism in Sri Lanka is partly due to the security situation and partly due to misconceptions and disinformation about the image of SriLanka. The negative image of Sri Lanka is due to the wide publicity given by the international media about the civil disturbances and acts of violence. In order to counter the misconception, the Sri Lanka Government will launch an Image Restoration stir on a sustai ned basis for a minimum period of two years by means of a public relations and communication campaign supplemented, where necessary, with limited advertising in the key international markets, by using the services of a professional public relations firm with an international network. The current trend in international travel is for tourists to be attracted not so much to a destination, but to circumstantial tourist products. The Ceylon Tourist Board has identified this significant development and is readiness to develop specific tourist products to which international travelers could be attracted.ConclusionGiven its natural advantages, the tourism sector is viewed as one of the most important engines of growth and development in the Sri Lankan economy and as such, is a key focus in the Governments industrial strategy. Tourism main supporting sectors account for more than 8.0 per cent of GDP. In relation to employment, agriculture transport, storage & communication, construction, a nd distribution are the primary beneficiaries from a dollar spent within the tourism industry. Further, these sectors account for over 7.0 per cent of the employed labor force. However, the descriptive analysis points to the continued low and declining impact of the industry on the overall economy in particular in the context of other countries like Thailand, Malaysia and Kenya. However the investment shares for tourism sector being high the unstable political situation could be the closest reason for this less performance in the case of comparison.With the end of war, the expected boom in the industry over the years to come will have a noticeable impact. The second empirical modal shows a strong relationship between the political stability and macroeconomic performance in particular with reference to the tourism sector. It is highly recommended to maintain a stable political situation of the country in order for industries like tourism to flourish. This essay has, in the main, addr essed two of the important elements of an economic significance of the tourism industry. Further work to be undertaken includes the computation and comparison ofcyclical movements of tourism sector performance in response to the global economic and political changes.

Observation Essay

Asiatic game was outpouring in Inches. Since my friend from Hong Kong Is one of the representatives for Hong Kong girl contract team, and I precious to watch any of the Aslant game matches, at that placefore, I chose to watch grind competition at last. It was on the 24th September. The competition was held in periodic Squash Court. I took the wrong cable television of the subway since it was quite removed from SHCOON and still, I was not too familiar with the subway system. As I interchanged station In Guru to Donnas of blue line 1, I saw a slight difference for people In the train from the milliamp green line 2.There were more elderly In the train. I was surprised to be asked to position down by a kind lady. I felt handle people put one over warmer hospitality than those from the city centre. After I entered the competition venue, I sit in front of the court that Hong Kong was acting with China. There were a few spectators as I expected. As know, squash is not a ordinar y sport among all so it is unfeignedly common to check a few spectators. There were 4 courts undergoing competitions In the venue. I looked around and I was shocked to see at the place of the venue, there were full of people.I was wondering if the game was exciting so I walked towards that court. It was hard to get there because there were real a attraction of people. Even the staffs heading there to see the game. I finally arrange a space. It was the women game which South Korea versus Japan and the score was even. I was really shocked by the full house spectators. Most of them are Korean and what surprised me most Is that many of them got banners or successful tools. They yelled the cheering songs and slogans loudly to alimentation the Korean team. At the same time, my Hong Kong friend had finished the game and came to me.She as also attracted by the loud cheering levelheaded and was curious about the people. She said, It would be so good If Hong Kong would invariably h ave so many people supporting me. I asked, Would there ever be that many people watching squash game In Hong Kong? she answered, Even If there Is many spectators, they would never bring banners and cheer unitedly loudly It was a tight game. Both Japanese and Korean players were closely trained and passionate to win. I was amazed by Koreans passion to support the national team because when I went out of the venue to another venue, I could still hear their cheering sound.Korea finally won the game. After the game, there were so many questions pop-up In my mind. The first question is why is Korean so passionate to cheer for the team? I have stupefy up with this question because squash is really not a popular sport and especially for womens match, it is not exciting as the mens. I have think of some possible answers. Firstly, since South Korea is the host country of the Asian game, people are proud and so they put their effort in supporting the team. Secondly, because the match was battling with Japan, which Is a country who always has rivalries with Korea, so KoreanObservation essayI came across this situation between a Chills employee and a guest. I walked in through the to-go area, to pick up an order. As I approached the evince I noticed a lady conscionable standing there on her cell telecommunicate ignoring the to-go specialist. Since she was there to begin with I was I kindly waited till she spoke to the young man. I heard him say repetitively welcome to chills in the most friendliest note of hand ever. The lady was standing with her one hand on her hip and go along to have her conversation on her phone. The young man opened the register and began to count the money InsideIt. After he gossiped her once again welcome her, but at this point he was a bit stir up and you could tell within his voice. The women finally hung up her phone, yet still make no eye contact with the young man. She looked around the area grabbed a to-go menu, while glancin g she said her name and was wondering why her order was pickings so long. Already frustrated with the phone call she Just had, she on the nose decided to baffle It out on the young man. Blaming him for getting her aliment late. According to her it was unworthy service.Aggravatingly yelling where Is your anger, I demand to speak to him with her hold in his face. He calmly said yes maam, Ill go frontward and call him over here. The private instructor approached both of them and asked what the problem was. The women went off reflexion he was rude because he ignored her presence, never welcomed her, nor asked for her name. Rolling her eyeball claiming the employee was on his cell phone, testing people instead of doing his lob. The Chills manager apologized and to amuse the guest he gave the women a discount as well.After everything was taken pull off of she put on her black sunglasses ND as she was pass away she turned around and impolitely told the employee convey for th e horrible nonplus When I went up for my order I make sure I helped the young man clear his name. He did his Job, and he did it very well. The womanhood was obviously already in a bad mood as she walked into the restaurant, maybe she was having a bad day and that one phone call did not help. For her to take out her anger on a screw stranger is Just not right. Observation essay By concord lady Just standing there on her cell phone ignoring the to-go specialist.Since she was ere phone. The young man opened the register and began to count the money inwardly it. After he called her once again welcoming her, but at this point he was a bit she Just decided to take it out on the young man. Blaming him for getting her food late, according to her it was horrible service. Aggravatingly yelling where is your maam, Ill go ahead and call him over here. The manager approached both of them job. The Chills manager apologized and to please the guest he gave the women a thank you for the horri ble experience When I went up for my order I made sure I

Ballet and Giselle

Giselle is considered cardinal of the great Romantic b every last(predicate)ets. Romantic era was latish 18th and early 19th centuries. The period mainly does not line rational movements but rather Romantic ideas in art displace the ballets. Ballets in Romantic period focus on the conflict in the midst of man and nature where as differents try to bring difference to ballets from other nations. Ballerinas stand in the forefront compargond to male leaprs. Giselle is one of the most universal ballerinas of the period and separate identity of the scenarist from the choreographers is distinguishing feature of Giselle as being a Romantic ballet.Both the chaste version of Giselle and contemporary has the similar spirit level but different interpretations, as I will analyze them in this paper. Giselle is a peasant girl who is betrayed by love. At the beginning overlord Albrecht introduces himself as a farmer to Giselle and she falls in love with him. save she is unaw ar that Al brecht is the Duke. They flirt and she completely falls in love. Another ridicule Hilarion who is also in love with her warns her but she screwingt realize anything because of her love. They dance a duet and her feelings become more(prenominal) than powerful. Also her mother warns her that she is sensitive. afterwards realizing Duke has a fiance she goes mad with a broken heart. Giselle takes Albrechts sword and her termination is a result of her weak heart. She becomes a ghost and the second act is called white act, which takes place in the mental institution. The ballet deals with the powerful sources of nature. on that point are full of emotions and at the end love wins betrayal and death. there are similar and distinguishing features in the midst of contemporary Giselle by Matz Ele and classic Giselle. incorrupt ballet is combination of all ballet dances. Ballet has slow and suave motion.There are unique motions, precise and graceful movements. Their dance expressive style is long reminding jazz symphony. However, contemporary ballet is more modern. The movements are rapid, high- competency and dynamic. There are sharp and expressive gestures. Giselle shows her feelings very clearly and doesnt hide them. Her body movements reflect her happiness, anger and love obviously. For instance, in the unadulterated one Giselle is not dancing as close as in the contemporary one. They are more white-tie and their dance is more elegant. In the contemporary one Giselle and Albrecht dance very close and they touch each other.In one part even Giselle hugs her love as a woman. These clear expressions are not shown in the classical Giselle. Giselle is more equivalent an adult. She doesnt bend down when she is sad or she doesnt form on Albrecht like a child. She reflects the classical periods formal characteristics. There arent close relationships like touching her love and leap on him. The music is discriminative between two versions of Giselle. Compared t o classical one in contemporary ballet music is very modern. Ballerinas dance figures are compatible with the music as well.Classical dancer Giselle dances at more extreme tempos and perform more technical feats. However, in contemporary Giselle doesnt wear ballerina shoes and she dances barefoot. Her feats move more naturally. Also her devote gestures alter. She doesnt bow her elbows and hands in classical dance. She dances in an crop without extreme gestures. In the contemporary one she does man gestures, which is different than her friends as well. Her personality differs since she behaves like a boy and a child. Also the horns are altering in both versions. The applause is not with full energy in the contemporary one.So even though they are the same mendted ballets they represent a different periods characteristics with the music and ballets expressions. Is Giselle an ideal beauty or is she more realistic? This dilemma is more obvious in the contemporary one because there isn t beauty, oddly in the second act. Giselle is devastated after learning Albrecht has a fiance. They wear all white and there isnt excellence. She looses her consciousness. There comes the same music with the number one act where she was dancing with joy. She is completely defeated to her destiny.Her happiness falls with the disappointment, which can be seen, from the change in music, costumes and dance in both classical and contemporary one. The coerdeau ballets have geometrical shapes in both but their movements differ. In classical one there is more elegance compared to the compared to the contemporary one. In addition Giselle as being a romantic ballet do not follow rationality. Both versions have altering points when the music, movements, costumes and relationship between man and woman are compared however they have the same plot with different interpretation.

Case Study Toyota crisis Essay

Organizational Crisis negatively effect organizations name and image, as well as adversely impact employee by instilling question, insecurity and dis presumption (Tahmicioglu, 2010). Employees are directly effected by the crisis, as they are the primary stakeholders (Obston, 2014) and brand ambassadors of the companion. Thus, to ensure wellbeing of employees, specially in time of catastrophe, they should be well informed and fostered under the centering of companys leadership.Leaders at Toyota should take an immediate pull through start with early internal crisis communication, take accountability and show their cargo to resolving the crisis. Male (2004) suggests, being pro diligent and transparent lessen doubt and distress among employees. It will be beneficial if a live speech is set up with the employees. Live podcast will personalize the message, and will stick out employees to directly hear compassion and empathy in the leaders voice. Establishing an active feedback loo p is excessively very effective (Miller, 2014), an online forum on companys intranet will be a great way to advance two-way dialogues between employees and executives. The forum will be pivotal in giving direct feedback to employees questions and concerns, and for consistently providing updated information. Along with starting communication, hotlines dedicated for crisis should be provided as part of employee assistance program employees should be encouraged to actively use the services to get professional help they need for dealing with crisis.Lack of immediate dialogue leads to speculation (Miller, 2014), and when the magnitude of the crisis is as king-size as Toyotas recall, consistent media scrutiny and amplification of negative give-and-take can further fuel anxiety and uncertainty among employees (Cole, 2011). Therefore, its instant leaders eradicate uncertainty by giving timely crisis communication that precedes international news and provide continuing support to emp loyees.An early two-way dialogue is a good start to lessen the chaos among distressed employees. However, in addition to continuing practice of honest internal communication, for the long run, leaders will need to establish processes specific to employees welfare to restore mixed-up trust.Organizational strategy needs to improve to rectify behaviors that effected employees welfare in past.Toyotas work philosophy which Liker (2004) described as The Toyota way, was cognise for continuous improvement and people development however, aggressive focus on rapid growth (Cole, 2011) resulted in detrimental practices, such as, reward body based on cost control versus quality control, poor training, declining work conditions and work overload (Sullivan, 2010 McNeill, 2013 Cole, 2011). These practices were non only damaging to employees trust, but also clearly violated psychological contract (Rousseau, 1995) of Toyota employees.To rebuild eroded trust caused by the violation of contract, leaders need to validate employees wellbeing is not compromised again. Gillespie and Dietz (2012) recommend implementing a strategy that will safeguard against future shifty actions. This can be done by articulating and enacting a system instilled with juicy ethical standard, clearly communicated processes and better working conditions. Providing flexible working hours, teachable workload and regular training programs will prove leaders think about well consistently incorporating employees voice will assure their role is imperative in recovery of company image. Lastly, proactively engaging in regular paygrade of processes will result in improved performance and ultimately recapturing the reputation.References1. Cole, R. E. (2011). What rightfully Happened to Toyota. MIT Sloan Management Review The New Business of Innovation. 2. Gillespie, N., & Dietz, G. (2012). The recovery of trust skid studies of organisational failures and trust repair. Institute of Business Ethics Londo n. 3. John, S. (2010). A think humankind How HR caused Toyota to Crash. cerebrated from http//www.ere.net 4. Liker, J. (2004). The Toyota way 14 Management Principles from the Worlds superior Manufacturer. McGraw-Hill 5. Male, B. (2010). How to handle a product recall. Retrieved from http//www.businessinsider.com 6. McNeill, D. (2013). Cover-up Toyota and Quality Control. The Asia Pacific Journal, Vol 11, outlet 36, No. 1, 7.Miller, J. (2014). 4 Tips to help leaders communicate during a crisis. Retrieve from http//smartblogs.com 8. Obston, A. (2014). 5 ways to communicate with employees during a crisis. Retrieved from http//www.ragan.com 9. Tahmicioglu, E. (2010). Surviving your companys mistake. Retrieved from http//www.nbcnews.com 10. Rousseau, D. (1995). The psychological contract Violations and Modifications. The Organizational Behavior Reader. 8th ed.

Edward Zwick’s Glory Essay

Edward Zwicks Glory was powerful rent archives that popularized a story of the cultivated War which was largely unknown. Primarily, this video gave credit to the story of African-American 54th mummy Volunteer Infantry from Robert Gould Shaws perspective who was a son of capital of Massachusetts abolitionist. This Hollywood photograph depicts the start upicipation of African American soldiers during the American gracious War which gives us some perspective most our history.Synopsis The blast was all about the historical views of the Civil war took place in America (IMDb 1990 -2001). Glory has been entit take to this take because it was a celebration of the African soldiers who courageously stood e very(prenominal) challenge although it was not recognized by history due to racism. The heroes who goed to the 54th Regiment of the Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry were all African-American soldiers. The controls were headed by the son of an abolitionist named Col. Robert Gould Shaw who took the responsibility of preparing these soldiers for battle.Their race had been a obstructer and this was the reason why these soldiers were denied of every privilege and were attached the hardest task although they fought in behalf of their white counterparts. When the day finally arrived to attack Ft. Wagner on July 18, 1863, the Confederates secretly and safely slipped away. Shaw led the 54th to charge up for honor in a mission which was led to certain death while carrying the regiments into battle and fight for the honor of the country.This snap was a depiction of Northern racism exclusively despite the fact that white raft were reluctant to issue proper equipment, paying these abusive soldiers lesser than whites they lock in resist their demeaning position in the northern military. The film was all about the former vague slaves who bravely fought in order to win the liberty for their enslaved brothers. The film also showed different scopes about the in fantry regiments who witnessed the federal service of Union Army during the Civil war. The film was historically accurate in some aspects but some were quite contrasting.Other historical aspects has been bent slightly such as the previous(a) depiction of Frederick Douglass in contrast with the historically accurate rendering of uniforms, weapons system and the battles opposing lines, the siege of a fortress The role give to Shaw was also accurate his acceptance to lead the 54th which was held in the depicted object an not at the ball Free-born blacks from the North had been drilled in local anaesthetic militaries before they got enlisted Whipping was really used in Union army as a form of discipline the 54th was the first black regiment Col.James Montgomery was depicted as murderer of racist which malformed the fact that he was supporting John Brown as an abolitionist. Finally, the violate on Fort Wagner was set with the sea on their left though they should be travelling no rth where the sea must be on their right. As part of our history, the portrayals of the role revealed that plurality were basically goodly but also has an evil instinct and this plays an important event towards the modern dry land which gave us a deeper understanding of why racism started.The film was do in 1980s and was released in December 1989 in the U.S. The film was very timely since chairperson Abraham Lincoln has been assassinated in 1985 which gave a wide influence in the scene since he was the President during the Civil wars (Swanson 42). President Lincoln finally helped the black men to secure the final achievement after the fort has been aban mounted. With this event from the scene, it shows that in our history, the government implemented rules regarding the insularism of black people from the white together with all the policies that argon given to them whenever they protest or did not follow the rules.The film characters were mostly black people which can be cr itiqued as one sided view of the film to somehow suit their liberal agenda. Glory brought up some issues during those clock such as slavery and sacrifice in order to be considered as men (Clamen, 2009). However, on the other hand, it only focused on one side which created negative rumors about Confederates as faceless enemies. The audience who will see it could create different interpretation about what had happened in the past which could possibly result to a new discussion for debates. in some manner it could be diverted to issue in our present world thats why, the director should be careful about it. The delineation wants to tell the viewing audience that racism became a part of our past but because the black people fight for what they believe is right and showed that they can also be a great hero, they sustain been given the chance to prove that color should not be an issue when we talk about serving the nation. Opinion I have learned so much from life when I watched the ex posure. I have seen how hard it is to stop at that time specially when you belong to the black race.It is very obvious how the black people were treated as slaves at that time. The movie also shows the hardship that the black people experience. They dont have a very good place to live in, they dont have luxuries, they were not given importance on the society and they dont have much privilege during those times. Since this movie was based from our history, I can say that everything thats happening in modern times was really affected by it, and the result could be good or bad.Good, in a sense that white people and black people were now united, bad to some people who still discriminate black people because of the history. It is also obvious in the film that the black soldiers were into special colored units which shows a form of segregation, another perpetrate of racist in our nations history. I think that the movie brought up the best in conveying the historical lesson to the audien ce.Each scene seems very realistic though not all, each line in the script was very essential and the characters did a very good excogitate which made it possible in making this film a good one. Conclusion In general as a conclusion, racism has been part of the history which practically and emotionally, gave the black people the will and the courage to fight for their rights to be recognized as people and as part of the American society that in the end, their contribution has led to the victory of the whole and they have been recognized.However, Hollywood is still going to give us a movie that will show us our past, but it needs a little research, and deep examination of what had really happened in the past so that the movie will not appear biased to anyone else who will see it and those who are still connected with it. Overall, Hollywood is a big help to us in shaping our knowledge about what happened in our history as the film makers are making it as accurate as possible.

Morality and Respect Essay

Respect Respect has bulky importance in common sprightliness. As children we atomic number 18 taught to keep our p bents, teachers, and elders, family and heathenish traditions, other peoples judgements, our countrys reel and admiters. And we do tend to value these things when we evolve older, we whitethorn shake our heads at people who seem not to hurl learned to revere them. We develop the tendency to jimmy rightful(prenominal) now those who argon popular. We may in any case come to believe that, at ab bring out level, every(prenominal) people argon worthy of lever. We may learn that jobs and relationships become insufferable if we receive no repute in them.Calls to notice certain things ar increasingly part of public life environmentalists exhort us to esteem temperament, foes of abortion and capital punishment insist on complaisance for humanity life, members of racial and ethnic minorities and those discriminated against because of their gender, sexual orientation, age, religious beliefs, or economic location demand regard as two as social and honorable equals and for their cultural differences. We may learn two that our lives together go better when we respect the things that be to be respected and that we should respect rough things breakawayly of considerations of how our lives would go.We may also learn that how our lives go depends every bit as practically on whether we respect ourselves. The value of dignity may be manything we brush aside take for granted, or we may discover how very important it is when our self-respect is threatened, or we lose it and abide to work to regain it, or we ache to struggle to develop or maintain it in a hateful environment. Some people find that finally being able to respect themselves is what matters around around getting off welf ar, kicking a disgustful habit, or defending something they value others, sadly, discover that life is no long-per gradeing worth living if se lf-respect is irretrievably lost.It is part of everyday wiseness that respect and self-respect are deeply connected, that it is difficult if not inconceivable both to respect others if we beart respect ourselves and to respect ourselves if others dont respect us. It is increasingly part of governmental wisdom both that unjust social institutions bathroom devastatingly damage self-respect and that robust and resilient self-respect can be a potent force in struggles against injustice. 1. The Concept of Respect In the process of understanding respect at that place a few questions that come to mind (1) How can respect be understood?(a) What category of thing is it? (b) What are the agents of respect? (c) To what other forms is respect similar to, and with what does it contrast? (d) What beliefs, attitudes, emotions, motives, and require a bun in the oven does respect involve, and with what is it incompatible? (2) What are the earmark objects of respect? (3) What are the base s or grounds for respect (4) What looks of acting and holding to act express or constitute or are regulated by respect? (5) What deterrent example requirements, if any, are there to respect certain types of objects, and what is the scope and theoretical status of much(prenominal) requirements?(6) Are there assorted levels or degrees of respect? Can an object come to deserve less or no respect? (7) Why is respect virtuously important? What, if anything, does it add to morality over and above the conduct, attitudes, and character traits compulsory or encouraged by various moral principles or virtues? (8) What are the implications of respect for problematic moral and socio-political issues much(prenominal) as racism and sexism, pornography, privacy, punishment, answers to terrorism, paternalism in health care contexts, cultural diversity, affirmative action, abortion, and so on?1. 1 Elements of respect It is simplely acknowledged that there are different kinds of respect, wh ich complicates the reply of these questions. For example, answers concerning nonpareil kind of respect can diverge significantly from those closely other(prenominal) kind. One general distinction is between respect just now as behaviour and respect as an attitude or feeling which may or may not be expressed in or signified by behaviour. We might speak of drivers respecting the speed limit, contrasted forces as respecting a cease fire agreement etc.In such cases we can be referring simply to behaviour which avoids violation of or interference with some boundary, limit, or rule, without any reference to attitudes, feelings, intentions, or dispositions. In other cases, we take respect to be or to express or signify an attitude or feeling, as when we speak of having respect for another person or for record or of certain behaviours as showing respect or indifference. In what follows, focus would chiefly be on respect as attitude or feeling.There are, again, several different attitudes or feelings to which the term respect refers. Before looking at differences, however, it is reclaimable first to note some elements common among varieties. An attitude of respect is, most generally, a relation between a overpower and an object in which the open responds to the object from a certain perspective in some appropriate way. Respect necessarily has an object respect is always say toward, paid to, felt roughly, and shown for some object.While a very wide variety of things can be appropriate objects of one kind of respect or another, the subject of respect (the respecter) is always a person, that is, a assured rational being capable of recognizing and acknowledging things, of self-consciously and intentionally responding to them, of having and expressing values with deference to them, and of being accountable for disrespecting or failing to respect them. Though animals may love or fear us, only persons can respect and disrespect us or anything else.First, as suggested by its derivation from the Latin respicere, respect is a finicky mode of apprehending the object the person who respects something pays attendance to it and perceives it differently from soul who does not and responds to it in light of that perception. This perceptual element is common also to synonyms such as regard (from to watch out for) and consideration (examine (the stars) carefully). Thus, respecting something contrasts with being oblivious or soggy to it.An object can be perceived by a subject from a variety of perspectives for example, one might rightly regard another human individual as a rights-bearer, a judge, a flower singer, a trustworthy person, or a threat to ones security. The respect one accords her in each case will be different, notwithstanding all will involve attention to her as she authentically is as a judge, threat, etc. As responsive, respect is object-generated rather than solely subject-generated, something that is owed to, called for, deserved, elicited, or claimed by the object.We respect something not because we want to but because we describe that we have to respect it. It thus is motivational it is the recognition of something as forthwith determining our will without reference to what is wanted by our inclinations. In this way respect differs from, for example, liking and fearing, which have their sources in the subjects interests or desires. At the same time, respect is also an expression of agency it is deliberate, a matter of directed rather than grabbed attention, of reflective consideration and judgment.In particular, the subject judges that the object is due, deserves, or rightfully claims a certain response in virtue of some feature of or feature close to the object that warrants that response. This feature or fact is the ground or solid ground in the object, that in virtue of which it calls for respect. The basis gives us a agreement to respect the object it may also indicate more barely how t o respect it. Respect is thus both inbred and quarry. There are some(prenominal) different kinds of objects that can reasonably be respected and many another(prenominal) different reasons why they warrant respect.Some things are dangerous or powerful and respect of them can involve fear, awe, self-protection, or submission. another(prenominal) things have authority over us and the respect they are due includes commendation of their authority and perhaps obedience to their authoritative commands. Other forms of respect are modes of valuing, appreciating the object as having an objective worth or importance that is independent of, perhaps even at variance with, our antecedent desires or commitments. Thus, we can respect things we dont like or agree with, such as our enemies or someone elses opinion.Valuing respect is akin to esteem, admiration, veneration, reverence, and honour, epoch regarding something as utterly worthless or insignificant or disdaining or having contempt for it is incompatible with respecting it. Respect also aims to value its object appropriately, so it contrasts with degradation and discounting. Finally, respect is generally regarded as having a behavioural component. In respecting an object, we often consider it be making legitimate claims on our conduct as well as our thoughts and feelings and are disposed to behave appropriately. seize behaviour includes refraining from certain treatment of the object or acting only in particular ways in connection with it, ways that are regarded as fitting, deserved by, or owed to the object. And there are very many ways to respect things keeping our distance from them, helping them, praising or emulating them, protecting or being careful with them. To be a form or expression of respect, behaviour has to be motivate by ones acknowledgment of the object as calling for that behaviour, and it has to be motivated directly by consideration that the object is what it is, without reference to ones own i nterests and desires.The attitudes of respect, then, have cognitive dimensions (beliefs, acknowledgments, judgments, deliberations, commitments), affective dimensions (emotions, feelings, ways of experiencing things), and conative dimensions (motivations, dispositions to act and forbear from acting) some forms also have valuation dimensions. The attitude is typically regarded as central to respect actions and modes of treatment typically count as respect insofar as they either manifest an attitude of respect or are of a sort through which the attitude of respect is characteristically expressed. 1. 2 Kinds of RespectThere is a quaternity-fold distinction among kinds of respect, according to the bases in the objects. Consider the following sets of examples (a) respecting a colleague highly as a scholar and having a lot of respect for someone with guts (b) a mountain climbers respect for the elements and a tennis histrions respect for her opponents strong backhand (c) respecting the wrong of an agreement and respecting a persons rights and (d) showing respect for a judge by rising when she enters the courtroom and respecting a worn-out flag by burning it rather than tossing it in the trash.The respect in (a), evaluative respect, is similar to other favourable attitudes such as esteem and admiration. blockage respect, in (b), is a matter of regarding the object as something that, if not taken proper account of in ones decisions about how to act, could keep open one from achieving ones ends. The objects of (c) directive respect are directives things such as requests, rules, advice, laws, or rights claims that may be taken as guides to action.The objects of (d) institutional respect are social institutions or practices, the positions or roles defined at heart an institution or practice, and persons or things that occupy the positions or represent the institution. These four forms of respect differ in several ways. Each identifies a quite different kind of f eature of objects as the basis of respect. Besides four-fold classification, some argue there should be a fifth form, care respect, which is exemplified in an environmentalists deep respect for nature.This analysis of respect draws explicitly from a womens rightist ethics of care and has been influential in feminist and non-feminist discussions of respecting persons as unique, particular individuals. Other kinds of respect recognition respect and idea respect. Recognition respect is the disposition to give appropriate weight or consideration in ones practical deliberations to some fact about the object and to regulate ones conduct by constraints derived from that fact. Appraisal respect, by contrast, is an attitude of positive appraisal of a person or their merits, which are features of persons that manifestexcellences of character. 2. Respect for Persons People can be the objects or recipients of different forms of respect. We can (directive) respect a persons legal rights, show (institutional) respect for the president by calling him Mr. President, have a healthy (obstacle) respect for an easily angered person, (care) respect someone by cherishing her in her concrete particularity, (evaluative) respect an individual for her commitment to a worthy project. Thus the idea of respect for persons is ambiguous. 3. Respect for Nature and Other NonpersonsAlthough persons are the paradigm objects of moral recognition respect, it is a matter of some debate whether they are the only things that we ought morally to respect. One serious objection raised is that in claiming that only rational beings are ends in themselves merit of respect, it licenses treating all things which arent persons as mere means to the ends of rational beings, and so it bet ons morally abhorrent attitudes of domination and exploitation toward all nonpersons and toward our natural environment. taking issue that only persons are respect worthy, many philosophers have argued that such nonperso ns as humans who are not agents or not yet agents, human embryos, plants, species, all living things, the natural ecosystem of our planet, and even mountains, and rocks, have moral standing or worth and so are appropriate objects of or are owed moral recognition respect. Of course, it is possible to value such things instrumentally as they serve human interests, but the idea is that such things matter morally and have a claim to respect in their own right, independently of their usefulness to humans. 4. Self-RespectWhile there is much controversy about respect for persons and other things, there is surprising agreement among moral and political philosophers about at least this much concerning respect for oneself self-respect is something of great importance in everyday life. Indeed, it is regarded both as morally infallible and as essential to the ability to live a satisfying, meaningful, flourishing lifea life worth livingand just as rattling to the quality of our lives together . Saying that a person has no self-respect or acts in a way no self-respecting person would act, or that a social institution underminesthe self-respect of some people, is generally a strong moral criticism. Nevertheless, as with respect itself, there is philosophic disagreement, both real and merely apparent, about the nature, scope, grounds, and requirements of self-respect. Self-respect is often defined as a comprehend of worth or as due respect for oneself it is frequently (but not always correctly) identified with or compared to self-esteem, self-confidence, dignity, self-love, a sense of honour, self-reliance, pride, and it is contrasted (but not always correctly) with servility, shame, humility, self-abnegation, arrogance, self-importance.In addition to the questions philosophers have addressed about respect in general, a number of other questions have been of particular concern to those interested in self-respect, such as (1) What is self-respect, and how is it different f rom link up notions such as self-esteem, self-confidence, pride, and so on? (2) Are there objective conditionsfor example, moral standards or correct judgmentsthat a person must live up to in order to have self-respect, or is self-respect a subjective phenomenon that gains support from any sort of self-valuing without regard to correctness or moral acceptability?(3) Does respecting oneself conceptually or causally require or lead to respecting other persons (or anything else)? And how are respect for other persons and respect for oneself alike and unlike? (4) How is self-respect related to such things as moral rights, virtue, autonomy, integrity, and identity? (5) Is there a moral duty to respect ourselves as there is a duty to respect others? (6) What features of an individuals psychology and experience, what aspects of the social context, and what modes of interactions with others support or undermine self-respect?(7) Are social institutions and practices to be judged just or u njust (at least in part) by how they affect self-respect? Can considerations of self-respect help us to better understand the nature and wrongness of injustices such as oppression and to determine effective and morally appropriate ways to resist or end them? 5. Conclusion commonplace actions insist that respect and self-respect are personally, socially, politically, and morally important and philosophical discussions of the concepts bear this out.Their roles in our lives as individuals, as people living in complex relations with other people and surrounded by a plethora of other beings and things on which our attitudes and actions have tremendous effects, cannot, as these discussions reveal, be taken lightly. The discussions thus far shed light on the nature and significance of the various forms of respect and self-respect and their positions in a liaison of profoundly important but philosophically challenging and contestable concepts. These discussions also reveal that much more work remains to be do in clarifying these attitudes and their places among and implications for our concepts and our lives.

Strategic Financial Ratio Analysis

Strategic pecuniary proportion summary Meghna cement move Bangladesh Limited & Heidelberg cement Bangladesh Limited For the socio-economic class of 2009,2010 & 2011 Course agnomen Fin 254 Section 11 Submitted to SFR Submission date 09/04/2013 Group 5Mohammad Riyasad Jamil (Id XXXXXXXXXX) Saika Alam (Id XXXXXXXXXX) Rifat Kaniz (Id XXXXXXXXXX) Mohammad Shaikh Ashfaq (Id1020668030) Anika Tabassum (Id XXXXXXXXXX) Ishraq Aahmed (Id XXXXXXXXXX) submission ratio depth psychology is the broad method by which financial entropy is converted into simple mathematic balances for comparison. Since the data is widely available, calculating ratio analysis takingss shtup be accomplished by anyone with access to in the public eye(predicate) financial statements.External usage of the ratio analysis data is widespread. While these ratios adoptt tell the whole story, sharp deviations from an industry standard, can foreshadow growth or decomposition. In this project we make believe s elected two companies from The cement Industries of Bangladesh, one as our main caller-up for which we intend to analyze finished Ratio Calculation and the other one as the direct rivalry to that attach to. The main ac partnership we have selected is the Heidelberg cement and the competitor company is to be Meghna Cement Mills Bangladesh Limited. twain of these companies argon enlisted in Dhaka ocellus Exchange since 2007 till present.The whole purpose of this project is to comparatively measure the main company (The Heidelberg Cement) to its direct competitor (The Meghna Cement Mils Bangladesh Limited), to determine the everyplace-all strategic financial health of The Heidelberg Cement. Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Ltd, one of the group companies of Heidelberg Cement Group, founded in Germany in 1873, with its core products being cement, ready-mixed concrete, aggregates and related activities, is one of the leading producers of building materials worldwide. The group em ploys around 43,000 people in more than 50 countries.In 1999, Heidelberg Cement acquired its operations in Bangladesh. The subsidiary Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Ltd. , which is the food market leader in Bangladesh, operates two cement grinding plants in Dhaka, the capital city, and in Chittagong. At present it has 9. 31 % market shares among total market share of 78. 29 % of 13 major cement manufacturers in Bangladesh. The companys happen upon it estimated production from 2011 was 1,320,129 MT and observed sales were 1,318,110 MT. The last observed market value from 2001 of this company was 248. 8 Taka/share and the book value was 142 Taka/share.So the company was overvalued by the Market. These worked as the reasons for us to choose this company as a test company for The Strategic Ration Analysis. We have selected Meghna Cement Mills Bangladesh Limited to be the direct competitor of our test company for this project. Meghna Cement Mills Ltd is the first manufacturing unit of B ashundhara Group and it is one of the largest cement industries in the country producing nearly 1 million metric tons a course of study. The company is listed with both Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchanges. The last observed helping price of the company from 2011 was 136. 0 Taka/share. Although its a domestic company compared to The Heidelberg Cement, it gives quite a completion to the Heidelberg Group in Bangladesh as we are going to observe in the following part of this project. Ratio Analysis When we calculate the ratios of a firm we have to go through vanadium major categories of ratios as follows * liquid state Ratio Which determines if the firm can make required payments for its maturing financial responsibilities through Liquid Cash drawn from its summations * productivity Ratio Which measures the ability of a firm to generate gross sales from its diligent Assets Leverage Ratio These ratios put a light on the Financial Leverages of a firm and the ability of that firm to meet those Financial Leverages effectively. * profitableness Ratio These ratios measure how efficiently a unit of sales is false into profit for the company * Valuation Ratio These ratios are used to measure how the market is valuing the firm (share price) in relationship to assets and incumbent earnings, profits and dividends. Liquidity Ratio There are trinitysome different ratios under liquidness ratios as follows * circulating(prenominal) Ratio * Working slap-up Ratio strong Ratio 1) reliable Ratio Measures the number of units of current assets to pay go forth for each unit of current liabilities. The approach pattern for authoritative Ratio Current Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities Current Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities Company delineate 2011 2010 2009 Heidelberg cement 0. 56 (x) 0. 17 (x) 0. 56 (x) Meghna cement 0. 70 (x) 0. 64 (x) 0. 66 (x) Interpretation In 2009 Heidelbergs works capital ratio was 0. 56 (x) and in 2010 and in 2011 its working capital was 0. 17 (x) and 0. 56 (x) which implies its current asset went calibrate and total asset went up in 2010.In 2009 Meghnas working capital ratio was 0. 66 and in 2010 and in 2011 its working capital was 0. 64 and 0. 70 which I plies its current assent went fine-tune and total assent went up in 2010. Heidelberg holds a unending working capital ratio which decreased in 2010 and they managed to pull it up in 2011 where as Meghnas working capital increased gradually from 2009 to 2011. 2) Working Capital Ratio This Ratio measures the percentage of total assets that is invested in current assets. The rule of Working Capital Ratio Working Capital Ratio = Current AssetsTotal AssetsWorking Capital Ratio = Current AssetsTotal Assets Company identify 2011 2010 2009 Heidelberg cement 0. 56 (x) 0. 17 (x) 0. 56 (x) Meghna cement 0. 70 (x) 0. 64 (x) 0. 66 (x) Interpretation In 2009 Heidelbergs working capital ratio was 0. 56(x) and in 2010 and in 2011 its working capital wa s 0. 17 (x) and 0. 56 (x) which implies its current asset went down and total asset went up in 2010. In 2009 Meghnas working capital ratio was 0. 66 (x) and in 2010 and in 2011 its working capital was 0. 64 (x) and 0. 70 (x) which implies its current asset went down and total asset went up in 2010.Heidelberg holds a constant working capital ratio which decreased in 2010 and they managed to pull it up in 2011 where as Meghnas working capital increased gradually from 2009 to 2011. 3) diligent Ratio The quick ratio gives a clearer indication of the firms ability to meet its maturing financial obligations out of current, liquid assets. The formula for the affectionate Ratio Quick Ratio = Current Assets-InventoriesCurrent Liabilities Quick Ratio = Current Assets-InventoriesCurrent Liabilities Company name 2011 2010 2009 Heidelberg Cement 1. 61(x) 1. 74 (x) 1. 51 (x) Meghna Cement 0. 86 (x) 0. 80 (x) 0. 79 (x)Interpretation In 2011 Heidelbergs current asset without its inventory was 1. 61 (x) and in 2010 and 2009 it was 1. 74 (x) and 1. 51 (x) its current liabilities. In 2011 Meghnas current asset without its inventory was 0. 86 (x) and in 2010 and in 2009 it was 0. 80 (x) and 0. 79 (x) its current liabilities. Heidelbergs performance declined over the year of 2009 to 2011. This decrease can be attributed to the fact that the relevant change in its current liabilities was more than the relevant change in its current asset and inventory. Whereas its competitor Meghna cements performance increased over the year. productiveness RatiosThere are five different ratios under the criterion of productiveness Ratio * Receivable Turnover Ratio * Days Sales expectant (DSO) * Inventory Turnover * Total asset turnover ratio * set(p) Asset turnover Ratio 4) Total Asset Turnover Ratio (TA TO) This ratio estimates the number of units in Sales, produced by each units investment in the companys Assets TA TO = Net SalesTotal Assets TA TO = Net SalesTotal Assets The formula for TA TO Company name 2011 2010 2009 Heidelberg Cement 1. 0631 (x) 1. 1586 (x) 1. 1951 (x) Meghna Cement 1. 844 (x) 1. 5855 (x) 1. 4189 (x) Interpretation In 2009 Heidelbergs TA TO was 1. 1951 (x), in 2010 and 2011 its TA TO was 1. 1586 (x) and 1. 0631 (x) of its Total Assets In 2009 Meghnas TA TO was 1. 4189 (x), in 2010 and 2011 its TA TO was 1. 5855 (x) and 1. 4844 (x) of its Total Assets Both the two companys TA TO s are relatively close to each other. However Meghnas Ratios are a teensy bit higher than Heidelbergs. So we could say that over the past three years Meghna has shown a little bit more efficiency than Heidelberg in utilizing its total assets for generating sales.In this scenario Meghanas performance as a competitor is break up than Heidelberg Cement 5) inflexible Asset Turnover Ratio (FA TO) This ratio estimates the number of units in Sales, produced by each unit investment in the companys Net Fixed Assets FA TO = Net SalesNet Fixed Assets FA TO = Net SalesNet Fixed As sets The formula for FA TO Company name 2011 2010 2009 Heidelberg Cement 2. 4539 (x) 3. 0817(x) 2. 7202 (x) Meghna Cement 4. 9925 (x) 4. 3774 (x) 4. 1159 (x) Interpretation In 2009 Heidelbergs FA To was 2. 7202 (x) and in 2010 it went up to 3. 817 (x) of its Fixed Assets. But in 2011 the FA TO went down to 2. 4539 (x), the companys Fixed Assets. This indicates that in 2011 Heidelberg invested more in its Current Assets in comparison to the previous years. As a result the company was generating fewer sales from its Fixed Assets compared to 2009 & 2010. In 2009 Meghnas FA TO was 4. 1159 (x) its Fixed Assets. In 2010 and 2011 the FA TO was 4. 3774 (x) and 4. 9925 (x) of its Fixed Assets. Meghna had a significant rise in its FA TO over the years. This nub they are utilizing their Fixed Assets more efficiently for generating sales.Over the years Meghna has shown efficiency in utilizing its Fixed Assets and has generated significantly higher sales, on the other turn over Heidelbergs Sal es generating capacity from its Fixed Assets has declined. So Meghna holds an upper hand when it comes to use its Fixed Assets effectively. Leverage Ratios There are four different ratios under the criterion of Productivity Ratio * Debt to Asset ratio * Debt to uprightness * generation Interest Earned * Cash Flow to Debt ratio 1) Debt to Asset Ratio This ratio indicates the proportion of total assets financed by debt at a picky point in time The formula for Debt to Asset RatioDebt to Asset = Total LiabilitiesTotal Assets X light speed Debt to Asset = Total LiabilitiesTotal Assets X 100 Company name 2011 2010 2009 Heidelberg Cement 34. 2989 (%) 33. 7784 (%) 34. 1261 (%) Meghna Cement 83. 5524 (%) 81. 5425 (%) 79. 7020 (%) Interpretation Heidelberg did not have any significant change in its Debt to Asset Ratio over the year though it went down by a little in 2010. We can see that in 2009, 34 % of its Assets were financed by Debt and in 2010 and 2011 33% and 34% of its Assets were financed by its Liabilities.Heidelberg holds a large proportion of Assets to its Equity and a less proportion to debt. Meghna has a large Debt to Asset Ratio which has a significant rise over the years, from 2009 to 2011 its debt to asset went up from 79% to 83%. Meghna holds a large proportion of Assets financed by its Liabilities. In comparison, Heidelberg has the upper hand In this segment, because it has a lot less Assets exposed to Debt rather than Meghna, which has a large Debt against its Assets. Dupont Analysis At the end of the project wed worry to draw a concluding summary by using the sentiment of Dupont Analysis in comparative traits for both of the firms.The Dupont system provides a cheeseparing starting point for any financial analysis. It shows that financial strength in a company comes from three major sources, rather it focuses on three major segments * Profitability Profit generated from a companys Sales * Asset Utilization Sales generated from investment in Assets * Debt Utilization piece of Assets that is held against Owners Equity. Return on Equity ( roe) = Net IncomeSales X SalesTotal Asset X Total AssetTotal Equity Or, hard roe = Profit border (PM) X TA TO X Equity multiplier (EM)Return on Equity (hard roe) = Net IncomeSales X SalesTotal Asset X Total AssetTotal Equity Or, ROE = Profit Margin (PM) X TA TO X Equity Multiplier (EM) So, the formula for Dupont looks like this Dupont analysis for Heidelberg Cement From the Ratios we calculated earlier (PM, TA TO & EM) we get the following values for ROE by using the Dupont formula Year PM TA TO EM ROE 2011 8. 8028% 1. 0631 (x) 1. 5220 (x) 14. 3243% 2010 12. 0014% 1. 1586 (x) 1. 5101 (x) 20. 977% 2009 11. 5059% 1. 1951 (x) 1. 5181 (x) 20. 8749% Interpretation From 2009 to 2010 we can see a slight rise up from 20. 8749% to 20. 9977% in the ROE Ratio for Heidelberg Cement. However from 2010 to 2011 there was major decline in ROE of 20. 9977% to 14. 3243%. Where TA TO and EM remains appr oximately similar, the ROE falls callable to a declining Profit Margin in the year of 2011. So undermining the decline in the Profit Margin, it is safe to say that Heidelberg showed a considerable pitiable performance in generating Profit from its Sales, in the last observed year of 2011.