Japans Cultural Analysis through Hofstedes Dimensions Term Paper

Japans Cultural Analysis through Hofstedes Dimensions - Term Paper Example However, Japanese are still less hierarchical than their Asian counterparts and believe in joint decision making to some extent (Geert Hofstede n.d). Individualism/collectivism: this dimension measures the extent of â€Å"I† or â€Å"We† prevailing in the society. In Japan, collectivism is at a high which characterizes harmony, coordination, group efforts, consensus and mutual sharing. Japanese are, however, less collectivist than Chinese. Masculinity/femininity: this dimension tells about quality vs. quantity of life preferred by people in a society. Japan depicts a very high score of 95 which means Japanese are highly masculine- they prefer success, ambitions, competition, and excellence over coordination, consensus, care and overall quality of life (Geert Hofstede n.d). Uncertainty avoidance: future is unknown. Uncertainty avoidance measures whether people in a society try to bind it or let it happen the way it is supposed to. Japan is one of the nations having the highest score of uncertainty avoidance. Japanese tend to control the future through planning, precautions, and regulations and are always wary of the unknown. They study and analyze risk factors in great detail before commencing upon anything. Long-term/short-term orientation: it is a time-based point-of-view towards the achievement of goals and results. Japanese score 80 here which means they are long-term oriented and invest heavily in real-estate and properties to secure their future. They believe in virtues, steadiness of results over time and generations serving the society at large. Canada, unlike Japan, is a country with lower PDI score which means inequalities in power distribution are perceived lesser than that of Japan’s. People respect the status and authority and accept the distribution (Geert Hofstede n.d). Canadians are relaxed when ambiguities and uncertainties are talked of. They suit their laws and regulations with the situations and do not panic; unlike Japanese who always carry a detailed list of rules and risks before doing anything.

Fascism and communism Essay Example for Free

Fascism and communism Essay The term fascism refers to a modern political thought that seeks to rejuvenate the economic, cultural and social status of a nation by basing the country on a sensitive sense of ethnic identity and national belonging. Fascism is opposed to certain liberal ideas such as individual rights and freedom; it calls for the destruction of legislatures, elections among other democratic elements. Despite the fact that fascism some goals which can be considered to be idealistic, attempts to come up with fascists societies have in most cases resulted into persecutions and wars which have claimed millions of lives. Thus it is in most cases associated with strongly with racism, violence, totalitarianism and the right wing of fanaticism. On the other hand communism is a universal society which has been able to overcome all classes and their distinctions; all the relations and systems of exploitation have been abolished; all social institutions which are oppressive and are used to enhance inequality such as men domination over women and racial discrimination are all done away with (Brown, Para 3) Fascism Fascism was founded by veterans of world war one led by Benito Juarez Mussolini who had been fed up by decisions being made by the government of Italy and the treaty which expressly excluded the land gains made by Italy. This form of government essentially is a form of dictatorship which results in pride of the nation commonly referred to as nationalism. Fascism is not totalitarian rule despite the fact that the fascist from Italy described it in that manner, by comparing it to Russia which was a communist state and Nazi in Germany. Fascism in Italy was a form of government which was not as cruel and strict as communism in Russia. Fascism helps in the development of extreme advances in agricultural practices, industrialization, national security and population growth. It is anti communism or socialism, pro elitism and pro productivism. In this form of government decisions are made promptly as solutions are simplified and at the same time problems are solved properly and swiftly. Many governments borrowed the fascism thoughts from Mussolini, who is referred as the father of fascism by all the fascists (Brown, Para 5). Fascism was developed because of the intellectual revolution and social changes that happened in the western countries in the twentieth century. It was an original and a modern thought that pressed for change and a new approach of governing among Europeans young people who refused to follow the middle rank values of their parents. Fascism as an ideology represents nationalism synthesis which simply implies that one is highly devoted to his own country. It also calls for the rejection of liberalism, Marxism, democracy and materialism opinions also held by the socialists. Fascism is pro political rule in its absolute form through political leaders; it is opposed to the idea of important decisions being made by common people as it is the case in ideal democratic governance. The central government of the state has the responsibility of holding high the fascist values and also making of vital decisions for the entire nation. Fascism attempts to bring about new civilization, which is based on the entire community. In this case the, all the classes and sectors of people within the community will be in a position to look for their niche. The whole nation is thus strengthened and revitalized. Each person in the community will in turn be more less a cell as far as the community organism is concerned. The fascism mode of governance also poses a revolution which can be compared to the spiritual revolution (Brown, Para 8) In maintaining the unity of a country, fascism applies two instruments, that is, totalitarianism and corporatism. In a state that is corporative, its social, economical and political powers are in the hands corporations, the group of these corporations comprises of both the employees and the employers. The group of corporations in this case is mandated with the task of settling social classes’ differences and also planning the national economy. In a state that is totalitarian, the central government has absolute control and it has the duty of intervening at any point and every aspect of the life of an individual (Brown, Para 10) Communism Communism form of government on the other hand results into a state that operates under a single party and is based on the Marxism Leninism or its derivatives. Although, the states under communism can have many political parties, only the communist party is under the constitution guaranteed to play a central role in the communist government. This makes the state’s institutions to be highly intertwined with the communist party. In most cases the communist states adopts the economic policies that are centrally planned, these states are thus related to economic development in both scholarship and popular thought. Legitimacy in communist states is mainly maintained through claims of promoting national long tern interests. The communist parties attempt to justify their political and monopoly powers by claiming to follow the objectives of the historical statutes. They therefore, consider political dissent and opposition to be treasonous and counter productive. The minor parties in communist states have to follow the communist party. Such parties are only allowed to criticize the future policies which have been proposed, but such criticism should not in any way jeopardize the political system as it is under the communist state. The states under communism are commonly criticized due to their totalitarian and dictatorship of one party in the control of the society and the national economy. It results into a state where the civil liberties of the citizens are repressed, its economic policies mainly emphasize on heavy industrialization to the detriment of those oriented to the production of consumer goods which creates an acute shortage of essential products and in most cases results into a national famine. The communist form of government uses propaganda and militarism in its attempt to cover up its evils. Communist societies experience very high fixed costs with minimal uncertainty. The countries under communism can only have their economies growing under the conditions of stable environments when they are likely to experience reduced marginal cost. They have a lot of difficulties in adjusting in the event of a swift change in the environment since they are quite rigid. The communist states, the economic policies are centrally planned and commanded. Conclusion The fascism form of government results on the good of the entire nation which is clearly not the case for communism. Nationalism is not enhanced under communism and the government represses the civil liberties of its citizens, the communist state also uses militarism and propaganda to hide the evils it has created, this is not the case under the fascism where the nationalism takes center stage and the citizens have a strong sense of belonging. Fascism is not as cruel and strict as compared to communism which uses military dictatorship and suppresses all other political parties in the state thus denying their followers any tangible contribution in their country which implies that nationalism is not enhanced at all. Fascism form of governance is thus much better compared to communism.

Subcortex Diencephalon lesions from the view of the Neurologist and the Neurosurgeon :: Medical Medicine Essays

Subcortex Diencephalon lesions from the view of the Neurologist and the Neurosurgeon The diencephalon, which includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and subthalamus of the brain will be discussed in this project paper however, the main focus will by on the hypothalamus of the diencephalon structure. To begin a brief review of the functions of the thalamus and hypothalamus, the thalamus is the input center for sensory information and the output center for motor information. The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and the body’s temperature. The hypothalamus also releases hormones and plays a role in sexual responses and behaviors, and our circadian rhythms (Campbell, 1999). The hypothalamus can be affected in many ways from genetics/hormones to injury from a lesion or accident. If a female fetus is exposed to too much testosterone during their critical period the hypothalamus can become masculinized which would lean create masculine behaviors in the female. Those fetuses that are male but are androgen insensitive have femininized hypothalamuses and portray feminine behaviors (Kalat, 2004). Damage such as a lesion to the lateral hypothalamus can cause an individual to refuse food and/or water depending on where the lesion is located. The opposite of true of damage occurs in the medial hypothalamus, the individual will over eat or drink (Kalat, 2004). The Neurologist The neurologist can perform many experiments on the hypothalamus by placing electrodes on the different parts, which simulates what could happen to the individual if this portion of the hypothalamus became injured. Studies have shown that the hypothalamus control functions such as mating, urination and defecation, eating and drinking, temperature regulation (through homeostasis), and circadian rhythms (Farr, 2002). The anterior portion of the hypothalamus is involved in copulation however; the septal region is also involved. When electrical stimulation is directed to this area the individual will experiences sexual emotions and thoughts. A study was done on cats where electrical stimulation on the anterior portion of the hypothalamus was done thus showing that the cat acted as though it was going to urinate or defecate along with the other processes such as hiding/covering the feces (Farr, 2002). One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is in the lateral and ventromedial regions, these areas in the hypothalamus control eating and drinking. If a lesion in the lateral region of the hypothalamus is created experimentally or damage is done to

HBCUs: Relevance in 21st Century Essay -- Race

Imagine this; the year is 1836. You are a 17-year-old student interested in learning more about the world around you; however, such an opportunity won’t come your way because you are black. Due to this fact you have no hope of furthering your education past the reading, writing, and arithmetic their slave masters taught your parents. A mind is a terrible thing to waste. The minds of many African American’s go to waste due to individual ignorance of their people and thus of themselves. Historically Black Colleges and Universities were put into effect to educate the black mind and eliminate the ignorance. The discussion of whether Historically Black Colleges and Universities are still necessary in the 21st century has taken place in recent years. Within the discussion many debate that due to the fact that the world is no longer like it was in the 1800’s, the time period in which Historically Black Colleges and Universities were created, the purpose of them no longe r exists. However, the cultural significance of Historically Black Colleges and Universities seems to be overlooked by those who argue their importance and relevance in a time where blacks have the option of attending predominantly white institutions (PWIs). The purpose and grounds on which Historically Black Colleges and Universities were developed are still being served. The need to increase efforts to not only rouse, but support Historically Black Colleges and Universities is necessary now more than ever in order to preserve our past, fulfill the purpose of our present, and ensure our future. History In order to fully understand the importance of Historically Black Colleges and Universities as well as the importance of their preservation and need for continuation, one... ...2010. "Building Partnerships to Revitalize America's Neighborhoods." HBCU Central (Winter 2002): 1-6. Winter 2002. Web. 2 May 2012. Cokley, Kevin. "The Impact of College Racial Composition on African American Students' Academic Self-Concept: A Replication and Extension." Journal of Negro Education 71.4 (2002): 288-96. JSTOR. Web. Oates, Gary L. St. C. "The Color of the Undergraduate Experience and the Occupational Attainment of Blacks and Whites: Evidence from Longitudinal Data." Sociological Quarterly 45.1 (2004): 21-44. JSTOR. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. Redd, Kenneth E. "Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Making a Comeback." New Directions for Higher Education 1998.102 (1998): 33-43. WILEY. Web. Roebuck, Julian B., and Komanduri S. Murty. Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Their Place in American Higher Education. Westport: Praeger, 1993. Print.

Macbeth Essay

The medieval and renaissance view of the world saw a relationship between order on earth, the so-called microcosm, and order on the larger scale of the universe, or macrocosm. Thus, when Lennox and the Old Man talk of the terrifying alteration in the natural order of the universe † tempests, earthquakes, darkness at noon, and so on † these are all reflections of the breakage of the natural order that Macbeth has brought about in his own microcosmic world. Macbeth is set in a society in which the notion of honor to one’s word and loyalty to one’s superiors is absolute. At the top of this hierarchy is the king, God’s representative on Earth. Other relationships also depend on loyalty: comradeship in warfare, hospitality of host towards guest, and the loyalty between husband and wife. In this play, all these basic societal relationships are perverted or broken. Lady Macbeth’s domination over her husband, Macbeth’s reacherous act of regicide, and his destruction of comradely and family bonds, all go against the natural order of things. Clearly, gender is out of its traditional order. This disruption of gender roles is also presented through Lady Macbeth’s usurpation of the dominate role in the Macbeth’s marriage; on many occasions, she rules her husband and dictates his actions. Macbeth is very rational, contemplating the consequences and implications of his actions. He recognizes the political, ethical, and religious reason why he should not commit regicide. In addition to Jeopardizing his afterlife, Macbeth notes that regicide is a violation of Duncan’s â€Å"double trust† that stems from Macbeth’s bonds as a kinsman and as a subject. On the other hand, Lady Macbeth has a more passionate way of examining the pros and cons of killing Duncan. She is motivated by her feelings and uses emotional arguments to persuade her husband to commit the evil act. Macbeth Essay The play Macbeth was written in the start of the 1600s by William Shakespeare, if you ever get a chance to read this play in both script and graphic novel you will discover that there are many signs of imagery and symbolism. Some of the many examples have been shown in nature with trees and birds acting as something’s are going on in the back, some in the way that the people, kings, and nobles dress in the play and also some in the way that blood is used throughout the play. As Lady Macbeth and Macbeth make plans to kill King Duncan so that Macbeth can become king as what the witches’ prophecy states, they know Banquo was there talking to the witches with Macbeth. The first example shows how the weather and nature acts when Macbeth and Lady Macbeth do a dirty deed. So when the king was murdered the animals in the Kings castle went ‘haywire’ as Ross says, â€Å"and Duncan’s horses, a thing most strange / Beauteous and swift, the minors of their race, / turn’d wild in nature, broke their stalls, flung out, / Contending ’gainst obedience as they would.† (Ross, 2.4.14) This would show that a person has done something that they should not and obstructed the circle of life; in this case, â€Å"†¦Macbeth does murder sleep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Macbeth, 2.2.395); in other words Macbeth killed Duncan to take his position. There is also many other parts where nature acts as events happen for example when Malcolm and his army from England proceed marching to Dunsinane to confront Macbeth. Because at this point the weather appears to be dark and scary like someone is going to die. The second example is clothing; this distinguishes them from good and evil. For example light clothes are worn when the character wearing them is in a good and positive role and dark clothes are worn when the character wearing them is in a bad and evil role. Relating to Macbeth, this shows him as well as Lady Macbeth changing from noble and loyal to the king to trying to take him over. At the start Macbeth shows to be wearing purple and other loyal colors in the graphic novel but towards the end he had turned to a tyrant and started wearing red symbolizing blood and dark clothes. But also clothing is used to represent people and used to tell how good or bad a person is for example when Macbeth hears that he has been given the position of the Thane of Cawdor, he asks Angus why he is being dressed in â€Å"borrowed† robes (1.3.7) because he knows that the Thane of Cawdor still lives. Blood shows to play a huge part in Macbeth: Macbeth is a warrior at start and towards the end but then towards the middle he shows his ambition and turned to kill anyone in his way, in this case King Duncan and Banquo and Macduff’s Family. Make thick my blood,/ Stop up/ th’ access and passage of nature/ Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between/ Th’ effect and it! (Lady Macbeth, 1.5), this shows that lady Macbeth is talking to and telling spirits to make her blood thick and make her stronger so that they can commit a crime. Also that blood can symbolize who they are and what they do. Macbeth also says it will have blood, they / say: blood will have blood. / Stones have been known to move and trees to speak (Macbeth, 3.6). Blood plays a big part in Macbeth because Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have been playing with the scale of life and disrupting it with blood and murder. Showing blood, nature and clothing in the play can make symbolism and imagery in the play better. Blood is used in most of Shakespeare plays. The nature used in these plays is called pathetic fallacy and this is another factor embedded in most Shakespeare plays. In Macbeth he is a warrior but a tyrant trying to take over the king. Clothing can play a role to describe what kind or how a person is. At conclusion Macbeth shows symbolism and imagery to describe many aspects of the play and it does help the reader or the audience get a better perspective and in-depth view of the characters and how they behave.

Behavioral Cognitive Theories essays

Behavioral Cognitive Theories essays There were several predominant theorists in the cognitive behavioral meta-theory. Each theorist came to their conclusions, were received, and added to therapeutic skills in different ways. Their biographical history allows for a better understanding of how they came upon their conclusions. Their theories add to the understanding of human nature. Their critics expose flaws or oversights in the theories. The techniques used in the action stage of therapy today all have some historical roots in these theories and the theories of others. The overall goal being to focus on making changes in behaviors, thoughts, and feelings while continuing to explore feelings and examine values, priorities, barriers. Behaviorism began when Ivan Pavlovs dogs began to salivate upon hearing the sounds of food being prepared. Unfortunately this phenomenon ruined his saliva measuring experiment but it contributed the theory of classical conditioning. The theory is that when an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus many times a conditioned stimulus and conditioned response will result. The unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlovs experiment was the food, which caused the dogs to salivate. The unconditioned stimulus normally elicits this reaction. The neutral stimulus, something that does not normally elicit the same reaction as the unconditioned stimulus, was a tone or bell. When the two were presented together the conditioned stimulus or learned stimulus became the tone and the learned behavior or conditioned response was to salivate. John B. Watson (1878 1958) expanded Pavlovs theory into the behaviorism. Due to his contribution he became know as the Father of American Behaviorism. He described behaviorism as the study of overt rather than covert behavior. His emphasis was on objectivity instead of extrospection. This concept was drastically different then the psychoanalytical theory of the time...

Effects of Advertising Essay

Effects of Advertising Essay Free Online Research Papers Advertising promotes more than mere products in our popular culture. Because images used in advertising are often idealized, they eventually set the standard which we, in turn, feel we must live up to. Advertisements serve to show us what the ideal image is, and further tell us how to obtain it. Advertisers essentially have the power to promote positive images or negative images. Unfortunately, most of the roles portrayed by women tend to fit the latter description. The irony lies therein since it is these negative images which have been most successful in selling products. It is easy to understand the appeal which these ads hold for men, as they place women in an inferior role; one characterized by helplessness, fragility, and vulnerability. Certainly one can not deny that visual images serve to create the ideal female beauty within the material realm of consumer culture. The problem is that if one strays from this ideal, theres the risk of not being accepted by men. Advertisers, by setting ideas, not only sell their products but in fact reaffirm traditional gender roles in mainstream America. Women portrayed in sexual ads are depicted as objects and commodities, to be consumed by men for visual pleasure and by women for self-definition. Any depiction of a woman in scant clothing ultimately makes her look vulnerable and powerless, especially when placed next to a physically stronger man. Studies show that advertisements will concentrate primarily on a womans body parts rather than her facial expressions. Also, it was proven that over 50% of commercials portraying women contained at least one camera shot focusing on her chest. Men enjoy these images, and sadly, women tend to try to embody them, regardless of the extent to which they degrade themselves. Perhaps one of the most recent, successful, and controversial ad campaigns of the nineties is that of Calvin Klein. Ironically, in contrast to the normal, objectifying advertisements that deface women altogether, Klein focuses on his models expressions. However, these expressions are similar to those of a scared child. The naked female model, in turn, looks even more vulnerable than when she was faceless. Here, in this ad, Kate Moss is depicted as an innocent scared child. Her fingers touch her lips as if she is not permitted to speak, while her eyes look as if they are bruised. Moss breast is exposed in this image, but instead of appearing voluptuous, Moss appears to be almost prepubescent. She stares vacantly and helplessly into the camera. Again, women see these images as attractive to men and subsequently feel the need to embody them. Unfortunately, the body of Kate Moss is an unrealistic and unattainable ideal for most women. This distorted ideal body image is one of the leading causes of the recent rise of anorexia in young girls. The waif woman image is causing extreme low self-esteem for women in the nineties. The advertisement proves effective because normal women can never, and will never look like Kate Moss. All the hollow attempts will only bring more attention to these marketing strategies, and ultimately more business for Calvin Klein. It is difficult to pinpoint the cause for Kleins overwhelming success despite the nature of his advertisements. Before Calvin Kleins waif image developed, it was thought that concentration on a womans voluptuous physical features was what intrigued men. But this idea of Moss as a helpless child, with no real feminine curves at all, reiterates the argument that the male attraction to certain ads lies in the sexual power it gives them. Women please men in their nudity, their purity, and their body size. Women can never be happy with themselves until their representation in advertising become more reflective of reality. But if the ads become more realistic, then the advertisements arent able to sell their self-help images. Essentially the world of morals and advertising, if the two can logically coexist, form a constant vicious cycle. Research Papers on Effects of Advertising EssayAdvertising EssayJean-Jaques Rousseau EmileImpact of Breast CancerThe Colour PurplePlastic Surgery EssayThe Equal Rights AmendmentSexuality at Different Life Stages EssayFalse AdvertisingThe Fifth HorsemanA Molestation Epidemic Essay

Analysis of Patrick Henry essays

Analysis of Patrick Henry essays In the speech, "The Virginia Convention," Patrick Henry set out to convince the Virginia delegates that the war with England was inevitable and the longer they waited the harder the war would be to win. Patrick Henry uses the art of persuasion to win over his audience. In the essay, The Crisis, No. 1, Thomas Paine set out to persuade the people of each colony should stand up and fight for their freedom. He set out to convince the colonists that the tyrant England had binded the colonies in her grasp and transformed the colonists into slaves. In the, Notes on the State of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson sets out to convince the State of Virginia that whites are the superior race and that all African Americans that have been emancipated should be exported to another country. All of the authors institute effective use of the range of appeals, logos, ethos, and pathos giving the speech a quality of concrete mental and physical wholeness. The logos contribution of Henry's address makes use of solid facts to convince the people of Virginia that fighting or slavery are the only possible outcomes of their meeting. He uses this as a fear factor to persuade the people that fighting is the only way to maintain their freedom. These logical facts are used mainly in the third and fourth paragraphs and he also ends his assertions with questions. "Are fleets and armies necessary to work a love and reconciliation?" asks Henry of his audience. This arrangement of writing, a question, serves not only to state the obvious motive that the "fleets and armies" are not on American soil to promote peace, but to suppress the colonies and this shows the Convention a justification in their actions to fight not flight. Another purpose is achieved in the second part of the question to appeal to ethos, "love and reconciliation". This shows that while America is working for love and reconciliation, England is sending fleets and armies. The c ...

Small-Business Idea Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Small-Business Idea Paper - Essay Example Advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorship Sole proprietorship is the most popular and the longest practiced form of business organization. Some of its advantages are the ease with which it can be established and the ease with which it can be wound up. The processes are cheap, and are free from legal formalities because only establishing a business requires registration of business name and work permit. The proprietor is entitled to all profits from the business and this motivates efforts for a successful venture. Pride in the proprietorship’s success is another advantage of the form of business organization and acts as an incentive among sole proprietors. This further facilitates healthy competition among players in the form of business organization and has positive impacts on macroeconomic aspects such as gross productivity level of an economy. Simple approach to tax that treats business revenue as the proprietor’s income, is another advantage because of the low tax rates and ease of filing tax returns. The form of business is also flexible because the proprietor is the boss. Ease of decision making due to lack of formal or moral obligations for consultations is another advantage (Pride, Hunges and Kapoor, 2011). Despite the many advantages, sole proprietorship has many disadvantages. The business has unlimited liabilities and this means that the proprietor’s personal resources can be seized to settle business’ debts. The enterprise’s life is also limited to that of the proprietor and capital base are limited because of lack of sufficient security for accessing capital. The owner also suffers all the losses and this may be significant to affect sustainability (Pride, Hunges and Kapoor, 2011). Types of financial statements for each form of business organization Financial statements for a sole proprietorship form of business are income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and statement of owner’s equi ty. Income statement outlines costs and expenditure in the merchandise processes towards determination of net profit. Statement of owner’s equity traces, and accounts for, a business’ accumulated capital while the balance sheet offers an account of the business’ financial position by accounting for the assets and their sources. The statement of cash flow accounts for cash receipts and payments within an accounting period. The financial statements also apply to other forms of business organizations but their contents vary in complexity. Accounting for partnerships however includes partnership account besides these (Warren, Reeve and Duchac, 2011). Consequences of tax and legal implications Different legal and tax provisions apply to the different forms of business organization. Sole proprietorship is not subject to legal requirements and its taxes are treated as the proprietor’s personal income. Partnerships are subject to legal requirements such as regist ration of official business name, if the business does not operate under partners’ names, and subjection to formal documents such as article of association, memorandum of association. Partnerships’

IT Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT Industry - Essay Example The better they manage their asset the better they perform in the industry. We can rightly say that a healthy workforce leads to a healthy business. It's the policies in each organization which either makes them a favorite or not so sought after. However it is very necessary that each organization should carve out some policies for their employees so that they have a feeling that they are taken care of. There are many such organizations which have done this beautifully well and are now reaping the success. One such organization is IBM. Not only has this organization seen a tremendous growth but has also become one of the most sought after organizations for IT professionals all over the world. IBM is undoubtedly one of the most sought after organizations for IT professionals all over the world. Whichever country we may consider and ask its IT professionals the reply will most of the time lay in favor of IBM. What makes it so Is it just the brand name Or is there something more to it If it had been just the brand name then it would not have gone so far in becoming one of the most favored organizations to work with. There is definitely more to it. A very tempting area is the diversity of domains in which it works; there are a lot of options available for one, after he/she joins the organization. The list goes on like this; Aerospace and defense, Automotive, Banking, Chemicals and Petroleum, Consumer Products, Education, Electronics, Energy and Utilities, Financial Markets, healthcare, Insurance, Life Sciences, Media and entertainment, Retail, Telecommunications, Travel and Transportation, Wholesale Distribution, Cross-Industry. The women work force is also not left behind. We can say there is something for satisfying everybody's needs. The driving force for women to join IBM is the fact that its policies are very considerate towards working women who also have a family to take care of. The organization understands that there may be times when the lady of the house cannot move out; for those difficult days there is an option for work-from-home the working hours are also flexible. These are definitely a boon for people who have responsibilities in their personal lives. The organization also thinks about the health needs of its people and has a very well developed gymnasium in almost all the office premises. One indication of good policies is if we are able to find a good number of employees who are with the organization for a long time. This indicates that they are too satisfied to think of a change in their work environments. Having spoken to an employee who has been with the organization since long, got a view of an insider and why the attrition rate is lower than many of its competitors. When asked why does he work there This is what he has to say "They are one of the best pay masters, and then the opportunity to go onsite is very often." Who doesn't love to earn money After all most of us work for money; and that's what is common throughout the world, however with due respect to all those people who work as volunteers or with NGOs. When asked about the work culture He says it to be "Cool, though there is pressure at times but the work environment is fun to work in. then on days when he doesn't have too much of work at office; he can plan for

Parent Involvement for the 21st Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Parent Involvement for the 21st Century - Essay Example Apart of providing good and properly designed education, all of the schools highly recommend the involvement of parents in their child’s education process. In the 21st century where education is a necessary and sufficient condition to be successful, parents who integrate education from homes and involves in their child’s education play positive parts in making their child or children successful. Particularly in early childhood period, children want to be guided by someone elder except their instructors and want their assistance in making different decisions. Hence parent’s involvement in child’s education process not only helps in their child’s academic life but is also considered of vital importance later in their lives and in the development of their personalities. Parent’s Guidance and Monitoring Parent’s involvement in their child’s academic life has always been appreciated. Since early childhood and early academics, childre n feel more confident and assured that they are being supported by their guardians in every activity. Parent’s support not only helps in improving child’s grades but also develop positive aspects in their personalities. It is also useful when the child gets diverted from studies and indulge in other activities which are not suitable for his/her academic career. The parents may forcefully revert the child towards education by providing proper guidance and handling him/her correctly. Educationists are of the view that parent’s guidance in academics and their frequent meetings with the instructor about the child’s betterment are extremely necessary and useful for their child’s own benefit. The child came to know that all of his/her activities are monitored and discussed; so he/she tries to be as good as possible. In this way the particular child remains unique from those who are not supported and provided with parent’s guidance. Issues regardin g 21st century Although this century came along with as many beneficial technologies as one can think of, which have made the lives easier and comfortable; yet the machine maker himself has become a machine. Yes, indeed, the humans who invented all these hi-tech gadgets present themselves as a working machine too, with very less emotions and feelings. It is an unfortunate fact that the parents of 21st century do not pay any attention to their children as they can’t find time for their kids. No doubt that going to work and earning is also an essential element of life, but still, the children are suffering as the parents are not providing them with their guidance in academics and in other modes of life. Now a days there has been an issue of single parents with which many countries are suffering. It is very challenging and very hard for such parents to manage simultaneously their families and their jobs. They must have to earn in order to keep the standard of life and to keep an y kind of financial burdens away from their children. On the other hand, such children who have single parents to live with are found to less confident and less involved in their academics since their parents cannot contribute a piece of time for them. Research indicates that even if very little time, say up to 15 minutes, are given to a child by his/her parents in which the constructive and positive conversation takes place about the activities and academics of the child, then it would

Diabetes mellitus type 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Diabetes mellitus type 2 - Essay Example This is when blood cells not only ignore insulin but also prevent glucose absorption in to the body, hence resulting to its build up in the blood (Braham, 2011). The initial symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus are the emission of a faint smell, normally fruit or vegetable order, in his breath or urine. This urine is commonly known as sweet urine (Braham, 2011). The essay will shed more light on diabetes mellitus type 2, its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and patient education. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is the most common type of diabetes. According to studies so far conducted, it is cited to have contributed to about 90-95% of all the complication’s cases (Levenne & Donnelly, 2008). Apart from high blood pressure, other risk factors associated with this malady include genetic factors and high cholesterol levels. In most cases, its occurrence is due to the disruption of sensitive tissues to the extent that they no longer respond properly to insulin, hence graduating to insulin resistance (Poretsky, 2010). This is a state where accumulation of glucose in the blood exceeds the appropriate levels. This condition if not treated earlier, it normally results to failing of peripheral blood tissues. Generally, Type 2 if untreated can be life threatening, especially if not detected earlier. This is because lack of treatment can result to severe complications such as kidney failure, blindness and nerve damage (Braham, 2011). Studies contend type 2 is the main contributing factor in the contraction of strokes and coronary heart diseases. This is due to the narrowing and hardening of blood vessels, which is a problem commonly known as atherosclerosis (Braham, 2011). Loss of glucose in urine and elevated blood sugar levels are the earliest symptoms of untreated type 2 condition. Some of type 2 symptoms that follow later on usually vary across persons. The most cited symptoms of this type are usually blurred

Internet crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Internet crimes - Essay Example Another is spamming, the odious practice of sending unrequited e-mails, or messages through mobile phones, etc. It is seen that there are a number of antifraud and Cyber crime laws in the United States, prominent among which are the Electronic Communication Copyright Act, Electronic Communication Privacy Act, etc., and finally, Computer Frauds and Abuse Act, which seek, through legislative armaments to reinforce cyber laws. However, it needs to be said that, to a very large extent the efficacy of the local laws and prevalent customs determine the course of complaint institution and its final results to a very large measure indeed. The system needs to be ever vigilant so that no hacker would even contemplate transgressing the rights of ownership and usage of established cyber boundaries, or indulge in any other kind of illegitimate practice. (250 words) All types of fraud scheme that is done by the Internet are called Internet fraud. For this purpose fraudsters use different facilities of the Internet e-mail, chat rooms, websites etc. There are different types of Internet frauds in the world. The common types of internet frauds are credit card related frauds, phishing, prize money, free travel offers, etc. Online purchasing and e-business is very popular in this time. Fraudsters use this opportunity very well. So the number of Internet crimes like Internet frauds is increasing year by year. To show different Internet fraud rating in the year 2007 is given below. This report is published by NLC’s Fraud Center. It indicates the top ten Internet frauds in 2007. (2007 top 10 internet scams, (n.d)) From this it is crystal clear that the loss due to Internet fraud is very much. Internet users who had awareness about the Internet fraud will try to take precautions against this. Everyone can avoid the internet fraud and

Diabetes mellitus type 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Diabetes mellitus type 2 - Essay Example This is when blood cells not only ignore insulin but also prevent glucose absorption in to the body, hence resulting to its build up in the blood (Braham, 2011). The initial symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus are the emission of a faint smell, normally fruit or vegetable order, in his breath or urine. This urine is commonly known as sweet urine (Braham, 2011). The essay will shed more light on diabetes mellitus type 2, its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and patient education. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is the most common type of diabetes. According to studies so far conducted, it is cited to have contributed to about 90-95% of all the complication’s cases (Levenne & Donnelly, 2008). Apart from high blood pressure, other risk factors associated with this malady include genetic factors and high cholesterol levels. In most cases, its occurrence is due to the disruption of sensitive tissues to the extent that they no longer respond properly to insulin, hence graduating to insulin resistance (Poretsky, 2010). This is a state where accumulation of glucose in the blood exceeds the appropriate levels. This condition if not treated earlier, it normally results to failing of peripheral blood tissues. Generally, Type 2 if untreated can be life threatening, especially if not detected earlier. This is because lack of treatment can result to severe complications such as kidney failure, blindness and nerve damage (Braham, 2011). Studies contend type 2 is the main contributing factor in the contraction of strokes and coronary heart diseases. This is due to the narrowing and hardening of blood vessels, which is a problem commonly known as atherosclerosis (Braham, 2011). Loss of glucose in urine and elevated blood sugar levels are the earliest symptoms of untreated type 2 condition. Some of type 2 symptoms that follow later on usually vary across persons. The most cited symptoms of this type are usually blurred

Business Information Systems Case Study Report Bognor Marine Essay

Business Information Systems Case Study Report Bognor Marine Watercraft - Essay Example Just because of the luxury element of the brand, some of these products are even purchased by non boat owners. Recently the brand has received significant media attention as several high profile celebrities have bought BMW boats. The owners of BMW desire to exploit this new opportunity and after holding several strategy meetings, they have recognized the potential areas for investment. Prior to creating their development plans, the investors and bank have asked a third party management industry to make a companywide evaluation, so that they can invest in the industry when it is officially deemed viable. One of the features that the bank looks for is the capacity for the organization to make quick progress in a competitive market. BMW basically comprises nine departments, which are: warehousing, manufacturing, human resource, finance, sales, marketing, design team and support departments. Warehousing departments take care of each delivery made by dealers with regard to raw materials a nd specific equipment that the industry purchases. Manufacturing departments give necessary instructions to suppliers for resources as and when required by the organization. The HR department runs full time and in order to be more effective and efficient the same jobs are assigned among two individuals. The team utilizes skills which are complicated to replace and this thus proves to be the biggest strength of the organization. In order to counter possible loss of skills BMW makes use of the apprentice method. However, the communication among the finance department of BMW and its employees is seen to be poor, this resulting in several mistakes that could be avoided if there were improved sharing of information. In the case of sales department, the manager is based in the major office and has responsibility for mainly two lines of actions. The sales personnel are field based and are dependable for the sale of BMW’s better volume manufactured ancillaries to various national dea lers. One sales individual is based at the office and he or she is responsible for the sale of the craft. Due to the price and nature of the luxury craft, customers pay great attention to details and will discuss at length the available features and choices of the craft. Marketing departments of BMW include mainly two people for exhibitions, design and additional marketing tasks containing campaign management. They work widely with third party experts who are trusted partners in the business. The distribution department consists mainly of four people. The important area of responsibility is the delivery of the better volume goods supplied to chandlers, luxury stores. Design team of the BMW includes several boat architects and contract designers. The support staffs of the company include two managers, secretaries, cleaners and drivers. BMW requires modifying and adopting information systems for a quality management. â€Å"An information system is a collection of hardware, software, data, people and procedures that are designed to generate information that supports the day-to-day, short-range, and long-range activities of users in an organization† (Types of Information Systems 2000). These are categorized into five types, namely: office information systems, management information systems, transaction processing systems, expert systems and decision support systems. Every organization requires information system

Postal Survey Essay Example for Free

Postal Survey Essay I have decided to use postal surveys and internet questionnaires for my survey methods. Both of these are relatively inexpensive, this is one of the reasons I chose them as I would not be able to afford face to face questionnaires, focus groups or phone surveys as they would be to expensive for me to do when starting a new business. Postal Survey I have chosen to use postal surveys as even though they have to be of low depth, I will be able to find out the basic needs of my customers, on which I can base my businesses goals. For example if most of my results say that my customers would want a cheap yet elegant service, my goal would be to provide this. I also believe postal surveys will be a good idea, as I can post them around the area in which I believe my customers will be (mainly Chorley). By doing this I will be marketing my business to the customer. Another way of arranging my postal survey would be to find out where single people live, or where people live who have been buying wedding magazines (as these will be my main customers). Then I can send my postal surveys to them so I am not wasting money by sending the survey to people who will definitely not be my clients. I have also decided that when sending out these postal surveys, I will attach some kind of coupon or money redeeming voucher so that there is a reason for whom I sent the survey to, to fill it in. An example of the coupon would be 10% off organisational fees with KLH Wedding Co-ordinators. By doing this I would be getting my research done, and also attracting clients to my business. Internet Questionnaires Again this type of survey means getting back a low depth of information, however I still believe the information I gain will be useful. This form of surveying is relatively inexpensive, and it can be aimed at specific markets, in this case, people who want to get married. As with the postal surveys, I will be hoping to send my questionnaires to people who wish to get married. I could do this by buying information off websites that have peoples email addresses. This way I can send the information directly to people who I know could be interested in it. Overall I know both postal surveys and internet questionnaires are a slow way of finding information, and have a low response rate, but I believe if I send them to the right people, I will get a fairly good response, (better than the average postal or internet questionnaire survey), and seeing as I will add a coupon to both, I expect more people will return my questionnaires. I have also decided that if I decide I need more information, I will add a few open questions into the questionnaire that the reader can fill it in if they have an interest in my company. Unfortunately there is a chance that neither of these 2 survey methods would work, or that my results will be very basic. In this situation, I would hope to be able to bring together some people who have replied to my questionnaires that wish to get married. To do this I would ask on the questionnaires if they are planning a wedding or will be doing soon. From these people I will hope to be able to bring them together for a focus group, I can then find out their needs and wants from a wedding planner. I know this will not be a cheap, and I expect I will have to give them some kind of reason to do this, for which again I would offer some kind of redeemable coupon.

Global Challenges in Information Systems

Global Challenges in Information Systems Intro: In this modern times, the world operates on numerous information systems. It is evolving rapidly and the functionality of it is seemingly increasing and so information system is becoming a requirement and not a choice. Today, an electronic network which is the internet allows access to a vast amount of information sources. This indicates every single individual and organisations can obtain information with no problems if the entity has internet access. Currently, information is accessible from database, WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers), gopher, and a wide variety of sites which contains information across the web. Every large company worldwide that relies on e-commerce have been globalized through the internet and so companies such as Amazon, VF, Ebay or Walmart are very successful in terms of marketing and sales. However, opportunities in a global scale presents several challenges including culture and language, distance and time. With the creation of the internet, the augmentation of global markets is feasible. There is an abundance in terms of the number of business transactions that occurs each day through the internet globally. The use of information technology provides support to business processes that allows operations such as business-to-customer or business-to-business transaction to be easier. Cultural challenge The information system is conflicted internationally by cultural differences in various other countries and areas of the world. Every country in the world has its own traditions and culture that may differ from and not accustomed to other country.ÂÂ   These dissimilarities form a cultural barrier in which affects companies that endeavor global trade. The difficulties that businesses will encounter are managing people, tastes, issue with ethics, gestures and specific groups averse to Westernisation. An American commercial fast-food franchise company such as McDonalds may find it difficult to establish other franchisee in other continent like Asia due to preference of taste. The technologies applied to entice the customers in the United States to McDonalds taste of food could be irrelevant as it may not work in Asia. Therefore, organisations managing food products must examine and alter the taste of their food to ensure that they satisfy the local demands. Language challenge: On the internet, the most common language used is English. However, there is only a fraction of 26.3 percent that speaks English as opposed to 74.7 percent of non-English speaking countries. (https://www.statista.com/statistics/262946/share-of-the-most-common-languages-on-the-internet/). There is a seemingly an issue with the translation of information to other languages which causes a laborious process of translating the precise meaning of the info from one language to another. Google has provided a solution in translating dialogue, text, pictures, or real-time videos into 103 different languages. (http://www.bgr.in/news/google-translate-turns-10-now-supports-103-languages-translates-100-billion-words-every-day/). The challenge that large companies which retains international partners must decide on choosing a common language. Information is required to be translated due to the lack of computers capability to accurately translate words. The Challenge of distance and time: Time differences is a challenge for people to communicate with others that resides in a different part of the world. The products may have a delivery time of days, weeks or even months to be received to other countries. This creates delays and disruption with business transaction which causes employees and customers located in different countries to have difficulty with getting connected. VF, an apparel manufacturer company has formed an idea of constructing new communication tools that make it easier for everyone to work together. (reading review1) By doing this, it allowed them to combat these challenges and provided a solution they need to increase the longevity of their company. Conclusion: Looking at the global challenges in information system stated above shows us the overview of companies that uses e-commerce must deal with.ÂÂ   Modern technology and the use of internet is changing how Businesses and organisations around the globe is operating. More and more are advertising their products online to effectively make sales. Companies utitlise technology to ensure handling good teamwork is attained across geographical boundaries. However, there is a concern for challenges that come with the development of technology in information systems.

Myasthenia Gravis :: essays research papers

In 1890, German medical professor Wilhelm Erb and other physicians had been observing several cases of a neuromuscular disease that they believed was affecting how nerve impulses were transmitted to muscle at the neuromuscular junction. The patient’s experienced a "grave muscular weakness" and Wilhelm named it myasthenia gravis. Through further research, the physicians discovered whether it affected the eye muscles first, or created difficulty in talking, chewing and swallowing, or in using the arms and legs it was neither hereditary nor contagious. Their discoveries lead to more detailed research. In the early 1970s when Muscular Dystrophy Association, using snake venom, observed that patients with the disease had decreased numbers of acetylcholine receptors. Thus, discovering that the disease affected acetylcholine receptors of the skeletal muscles. The Muscular Dystrophy Association also found that, in rabbits, an immune attack against the acetylcholine receptors resulted in muscle membrane damage that is similar to that seen in human myasthenia gravis. This rabbit experiment was responsible for a large portion of what scientists now know about myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis causes a progressive and abnormally rapid fatigue of the voluntary muscles. It is known as an autoimmune disease, in which the body generates an immune system attack against its own skeletal muscles. This arises when lymphocytes in the blood produce antibodies that destroy muscle-cell receptors for acetylcholine molecules, preventing muscle contractions. The antibodies have been shown to decrease the usefulness of acetylcholine receptors through accelerated endocytosis and blockade of the receptor. Endocytosis is when extracellular substances are being incorporated into the cell by vesicles forming inward through budding of the plasma membrane. Researchers have been able to demonstrate the effect of antibodies on acetylcholine receptor by using radioactively labeled alpha bungaroo toxin, a snake poison, to follow the rate of degradation. Antibodies from patients with myasthenia gravis cause an increase in the rate of degradation of acetylcholine receptors. Blockade of acetylcholine receptors is another form of autoimmune attack from myasthenia gravis. Antibodies from these patients have been shown to block the acetylcholine binding sites preventing acetylcholine from binding to its receptor and opening the ion channel. The antibodies may bind near the acetylcholine binding site rather than directly on it, because the acetylcholine binding site is so small. In this case, the antibodies would prevent acetylcholine from binding at the receptor by interfering with the acetylcholine molecule as it moves towards its receptor. Symptoms for some one with myasthenia gravis include a flattened smile and droopy eyes, with slow pupillary light responses.

Bosnia-Herzegovina genocide :: essays research papers

Bosnia-Herzegovina genocide Genocide, the systematic and planned extermination of an entire national, racial, political, or ethnic group. From 1992-1995 that was happening in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, conflict between the three main ethnic groups, the Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, resulted in genocide committed by the Serbs against the Muslims in Bosnia. Bosnia is one of several small countries that emerged from the break-up of Yugoslavia, a multicultural country created after World War I by the Western Allies. Yugoslavia was composed of ethnic and religious groups that had been historical rivals, even bitter enemies, including the Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and ethnic Albanians (Muslims). During World War II, Yugoslavia was invaded by Nazi Germany and was partitioned. A fierce resistance movement sprang up led by Josip Tito. Following Germany's defeat, Tito reunified Yugoslavia under the slogan "Brotherhood and Unity," merging together Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, along with two self-governing provinces, Kosovo and Vojvodina. Tito, a Communist, was a strong leader who maintained ties with the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War, playing one superpower against the other while obtaining financial assistance and other aid from both. After his death in 1980 and without his strong leadership, Yugoslavia quickly plunged into political and economic chaos. A new leader arose by the late 1980s, a Serbian named Slobodan Milosevic, a former Communist who had turned to nationalism and religious hatred to gain power. He began by inflaming long-standing tensions between Serbs and Muslims in the independent provence of Kosovo. Orthodox Christian Serbs in Kosovo were in the minority and claimed they were being mistreated by the Albanian Muslim majority. Serbian-backed political unrest in Kosovo eventually led to its loss of independence and domination by Milosevic. In June 1991, Slovenia and Croatia both declared their independence from Yugoslavia soon resulting in civil war. The national army of Yugoslavia, now made up of Serbs controlled by Milosevic, stormed into Slovenia but failed to subdue the separatists there and withdrew after only ten days of fighting. Milosevic quickly lost interest in Slovenia, a country with almost no Serbs. Instead, he turned his attention to Croatia, a Catholic country where Orthodox Serbs made up 12 percent of the population. During World War II, Croatia had been a pro-Nazi state led by Ante Pavelic and his fascist Ustasha Party. Serbs living in Croatia as well as Jews had been the targets of widespread Ustasha massacres.

The Affects Of Smoking Health And Social Care Essay

Smoke is one of the major slayers in our society today. It has a batch of effects on the human wellness. These effects can be really serious and many times lifelessly. Cigarettes contain more than over 4000 toxic chemicals. Smoking affects every map of the organic structure, from the internal variety meats to the immune system in the organic structure. Furthermore, smoking contributes to about two million premature deceases and more than one million chronic diseases in America each twelvemonth. Smoke is a bad wont which controls the immature and the old. It is the figure one slayer in the USA. This slayer is preventable but yet North America has non figure out how to halt it. ( 1 ) Smoke can escort person to a timely grave, but it can besides impact some one twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours. This bad wont is derived from baccy, a works that grows wildly throughout many parts of the tropical universe for its cherished foliages. These ill-famed foliages are by and large smoked or chewed as a penchant of pick by huge bulk of people. Many surveies have found dealingss between smoke and a less stamina capacity. ( 2 ) The habit-forming agent found in coffin nails is called nicotine, which can besides be used to command person weight addition. These side effects are large in athleticss and some day-to-day activities. Many surveies had been conducted, showing that if person smoked so they do less physical activity. One of the experiments conducted was on tobacco users and non-smokers ; they were tested by running a endurance contest. The people who conducted the experiments took a big set of mainly non-smokers and calculated their modus operandi. In the race the distance that was run was face-to-face associated to the day-to-day coffin nail usage. ( 3 ) The decision of the exper iment was that the more person smoked, the less distance person can run. The longer a tobacco user participant in the race, the poorer they performed. In the experiment, the mean non-smoker could run about 2615 metres in 10 proceedingss, while a tobacco user with less than 2 old ages of experience who smoked about 20 coffin nails a twenty-four hours could merely run about 2285 metres. A tobacco user with more than 4 old ages of experience who smoke about 20 coffin nails a twenty-four hours could merely run 2185 metres. ( 4 ) These consequences show how the hapless pick people make can diminish their day-to-day public presentation the more they smoke in their life-time. Robert C. Klesges had conducted an experiment that found that although tobacco users did less free clip activities and played small or no athleticss, they will sometimes make a similar sum of anaerobiotic activities. ( 5 ) This besides showed that tobacco users had the same energy consummation as non tobacco users, in tending that their eating wonts were non cause in their fittingness degrees. ( 6 ) The trial showed that cut down aerophilic physical motion can intend that smoking causes a encouragement in carboxyhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin is the lessening of O that is transporting the capacity of the blood, which can do hypoxia in the tissues and can take to cut down physical public presentation. ( 7 ) Furthermore, smoke is really harmful to one of the most of import systems in the organic structure which is the respiratory system. Smoking affects the staying power capableness more than any other factor of fittingness like musculus strength or velocity. If an jock smokes they would no longer be able to utilize their musculuss every bit affect as they would desire to because of ability to transport O. Most athleticss and day-to-day activities require the jock to utilize big sums of energy. Athletes who smoke will non be able to acquire the necessary sum O to their organic structure, which can do them to execute at a really hapless degree. In some surveies scientist had proven that even if person fumes, when they quit smoking, there degrees of physical activity will increase their organic structure. ( 8 ) When you look at all the great jocks in the universe, for illustration, Usain Bolt, LeBron James, Dwayne Wade, Candice Parker Michael Philips and the William sisters none of them ha ve consume a baccy merchandise. Another ground why smoke is harmful is because of the effects it has on the human organic structure and how the nicotine affects organic structure weight. Nicotine is the drug that is found in coffin nails. This is by and large what gets tobacco users addicted to tobacco merchandises. Even through many different experiments has shown that tobacco users have a inclination to weigh less than non tobacco users. ( 9 ) Multiple skin crease trials were conducted during the experiments and the measuring of weight. More experiments that were conducted to demo how the rats had considerable less sum of carcase fat, intending that nicotine affects where shops fat. The more the rats got the nicotine the less fat they were. In the hypothesis the nicotine affected these fats by altering the enzymes in the ordinance and the triglycerides for illustration adipose tissue and lipoprotein lipase. ( 10 ) With many trials conducted one trial showed that 2.8 % of tobacco users have a lower entire organic structure fat. ( 11 ) The trial besides showed that tobacco users eat more Calories per twenty-four hours than non tobacco users. With all the trials conducted, research workers have concluded that nicotine can increase the metabolic rate. The trials besides found that nicotine had no tumorigenic affect on any critical organ in the organic structure, which means if nicotine is taken ; it should be breathe in as a clean substance. Another feature of the affects of nicotine on weight is when the organic structure is no longer given nicotine. Most tobacco users quit found that they gained weight after. Scientists have calculated that the mean weight addition after person quits smoke is about 5 lbs 14. This is one fright of why most tobacco users do n't discontinue because of the weight they will derive. The horror of organic structure expression is what because most people non to disconti nue smoke. The affects of nicotine can be a great weight loss drug. It can assist people in athleticss, where the jock would necessitate to be light on weight. Surveies have proven that if it merely nicotine so it is non harmful to the organic structure, but it can be if it is given with baccy. ( 16 ) The jock would non see the physical effects of smoking on the organic structure, but can still hold control of their weight when utilizing nicotine. Cigarette smoke is the most of import hazard factor for immature work forces and adult females. ( 14 ) Smoke can still hold many different effects on the human organic structure. It affects the O transporting capacity of the blood and the lungs but nicotine is non truly harmful to the organic structure. When nicotine is used it can be a powerful weight loss drug. The affects of smoke can do person to do a determination on whether to smoke. Some other things that smoking can do are malignant neoplastic disease, diabetes, bosom jobs, Pregnancy and childhood jobs, and tegument jobs. Smoking cause about 30 % of all malignant neoplastic disease deceases and about 87 % of lung malignant neoplastic disease deceases. Smoking can increase person hazard of acquiring 15 different malignant neoplastic diseases including nasal, pharynx, lip, pit, oral cavity, gorge, voice box, pancreas, kidney, neck, tummy and vesica. When person uses baccy when they have diabetes they are increasing their hazard of deceasing. There blood sugar degrees will raise and take to insulin opposition. A tobacco user who smokes more than 20 coffin nails a twenty-four hours duplicate their hazards of developing diabetes compare against people who do n't smoke. Smoking besides put a batch of strain on the bosom. Smoking can duplicate person opportunities of deceasing from coronary bosom disease which is the taking cause of decease in America. Roughly about 9 00,000 people die from coronary bosom disease each twelvemonth. Smoke can do blood vass providing the bosom to go narrow. Sometimes it can do blood curdling, raise blood force per unit area and weaken an arteria. When the arteria is weaken due smoking it is call abdominal aortal aneurism. Woman who smoke when they are pregnant dual their opportunities of holding a low birth weight babe. She can besides increase her opportunity of non doing it during the gestation. Babies that do last may increase their opportunities of acquiring asthma and ear infections. Harmonizing to Richard Hurt manager of the Nicotine Dependence Center at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Min â€Å" baccy contains more than 4,000 chemicals in baccy can damage collagen and elastic, fibres that give clamber its strength and snap. As a consequence, tegument begins to droop and purse prematurely. † ( 12 ) It should be notes that Cigarette smoke increases the hazard of coronary bosom disease by itself and besides increases the hazard of perennial coronary bosom disease after beltway surgery. ( 14 ) Secondhand fume is besides another slayer in the USA. Second manus fume is when person inhales the fume from a firing baccy merchandise. Peoples can be exposed to secondhand fume in many different countries like at places, in your auto, and at the occupation. Other topographic points can include public topographic points, like bars, eating houses, and college. Peoples who inhale the fume are exposing their organic structures to about 4,000 different chemicals. At least 250 of the chemicals are harmful to the human organic structure for illustration, C monoxide, ammonium hydroxide, and H nitrile. More than 50 of the toxic chemicals can do malignant neoplastic disease to people who do n't even smoke but are at the incorrect topographic point at the incorrect clip. Inhaling secondhand fume can do lung malignant neoplastic disease in nonsmoking grownups and kids. About 3,000 lung malignant neoplastic disease deceases occur each twelvemonth among big nonsmokers in the America due the expo sure to secondhand fume. Second manus fume can increase a nonsmoker ‘s opportunities of developing lung malignant neoplastic disease by 20 to 30 % . Besides some research showed that secondhand fume may increase the hazard of rhinal sinus pit malignant neoplastic disease, nasopharyngeal malignant neoplastic disease and chest malignant neoplastic disease in grownups. In kids 2nd manus smoke can do the hazard of leukaemia, lymphoma, and encephalon tumours. As a consequence, around one in a 100 deceases worldwide are due to inactive smoke, which kills an estimated 600,000 people a twelvemonth, World Health Organization ( WHO ) research workers said. ( 3 ) Smoke is a danger to anything that breathes. Smoking baccy can kill the people who smoke and the people who do n't. This slayer is preventable if everyone merely stays off. In add-on, coffin nail smoke is as widespread and important as a hazard factor that the Surgeon General has called it â€Å" the taking preventable cause of disease and deceases in the United States. † ( 5 ) Therefore, one should believe twice about the serious effects and hazard factor before doing the pick or patterns of smoking. As it is ever believed that wherever there is fume, there will decidedly be fire, the taking combination in the cause of decease and devastation in the universe. Citation: Paul, Slovic. Smoke: hazard, perceptual experience & A ; policy. 1. 1000s oak California: Phase Publication, 2001. 78. Print. â€Å" Cigarette Use in the U.S. , 1985-2002. † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2004. 1417. 24 Oct. 2010. â€Å" Cigarette Use in the U.S. , 1985-2001. † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2003. 1408. 24 Oct. 2010. â€Å" smoke. † The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th erectile dysfunction. Columbia University Press, 2000. 35912. 18 Oct. 2010. â€Å" What ‘s bad about smoke. ( Tobacco ) . † Get Smart About Drugs, ( Grades 2 – 3 ) , a Weekly Reader publication. Weekly Reader Corp. , 2001. 10+ . 19 Oct. 2010. â€Å" Avoid the Nicotine Trap. ( Unit 3: Tobacco ) . † Get Smart About Drugs, ( Grades 7 – 9 ) , a Weekly Reader publication. Weekly Reader Corp. , 2001. 18+ . 19 Oct. 2010. â€Å" Cigarette usage in the U.S. , 1985-2004. ( Critical Statistics ) ( Statistical tabular array ) . † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2006. 183. 19 Oct. 2010. â€Å" It ‘s Not Cool To Use Tobacco: Talking Out Against Smoking. ( Harmful Substances ) . † Staying Healthy 3, a Weekly Reader publication. Weekly Reader Corp. , 1994. S20+ . 20 Oct. 2010. Document URL â€Å" Some Benefits of Discontinuing Smoking. † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2002. 549. 20 Oct. 2010. â€Å" Tendencies in day-to-day usage of coffin nails, for U.S. 8th, 10th, and 12th graders. ( Health ) ( Statistical tabular array ) . † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2006. 166. General OneFile. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. â€Å" Unit 3: Harmful Substances. † Staying Healthy 3, a Weekly Reader publication. Weekly Reader Corp. , 1994. 6. 20 Oct. 2010.

Ap History Compare and Contrast Essay: Egypt and Mesopotamia

Ethan Sua 10/16/10 Mr. McGrath AP World History A Compare and Contrast Essay of Egypt and Mesopotamia Egypt and Mesopotamia developed different and similar political and religious civilizations. Mesopotamian civilizations such as the Sumerians, the Akkadian kingdom, the Assyrian empire and the Babylonian city-state, were all too dependent on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Egypt’s natural isolation and material self-sufficiency fostered a unique culture that for long periods had relatively little to do with other civilizations.Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. In politics, Mesopotamia culture created compact self-governing political units- the city-states. It was due to the geographical barriers of the rivers and rough terrains that made it impossible to unite the many different settled communities under one rule. The Nile River was the total opp osite of the rivers of Mesopotamia. These kings emerged mainly by their military status and role.Through their powers they created mechanisms such as military forces, laws, and taxations. Similarly, in Egypt, the control of wring mean control of knowledge and thus power. It is easy to see where they come to these conclusions. The Pharaoh controlled all political instruments of power and is also the authority in terms of religious beliefs. By the third millennium B. C. E. the concept of king (lugal) developed, quite possibly because of arguments about natural resources. Religious leaders decreased in power, as the power of kings increased. Although the kings subdued the temples, Mesopotamian kings did not have divine power.Political changes occurred in Mesopotamia because of the succession of people that followed the politically dominant Sumerian civilization. By 1750 B. C. E. , the written law code of King Hammurabi (the first ruler of the Old Babylonian state) , was used to maintai n political authority and continuity. In contrast to Mesopotamia, Egypt spent most of its history as a unified monarchy, whereas Mesopotamia seems to have begun as a collection of city-states (under the politically dominate rule of Sumer) and progressed to being dominated by a pair of mutually hostile powers: Assyria and Babylonia.In ancient Egypt, legendary King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt into one nation that lasted with continuity of culture from 3,100-1070 B. C. E. with thirty dynasties. Unlike Mesopotamian kings, the Egyptian king was represented as Horus and as the son of Re, and fit into the pattern of the dead returning to life and the climatic renewing life of the sun-god. No written law code was developed in Egypt. Egypt was substantially more self-sufficient than Mesopotamia with copper and turquoise. The pharaoh governed the country through a large efficient bureaucracy.In highly urbanized Mesopotamia, central powers, and the use of written records allowed certain groups to obtain mass amounts of wealth. Male domination of the position of a scribe- an administrator or scholar charged by the temple or palace with reading and writing tasks- further complicates efforts to reconstruct the lives of women. Women were able to: own property, maintain control of their dowry, and even engage in trade but men monopolized political life. The females also worked outside the home in textile factories, breweries or as prostitutes, tavern keepers, bakers, or fortune tellers.Inside the home women wove baskets, cooked, cleaned, and collected water. For the most part, their writings reflect elite male activities. Temple leaders and the kings controlled large agricultural estates, and the palace administration collected taxes from subjects. How elite individuals acquired large private holdings is not known, since land was rarely put up for sale. In some cases debtors lost their land to creditors, or soldiers and priests received land in return for their service .The lowest class, the slaves and peasants, of Mesopotamian society worked on the fields and used their strength, when harvest season ended, to build large public works like ziggurats- a multistory, mud-brick, pyramid-shaped tower with ramps or stairs. Women were subordination to men and had no property rights. In Mesopotamia by the second millennium B. C. E. merchants had gained in status and in power through gilds. In the Old Babylonian period, the class of people who were not dependent on the temple or palace grew, the amount of land and other property in private hands increased, and free laborers became more common.Hammurabi’s Code written in the eighteenth century B. C. E. identifies three classes: 1. Free landowning class- royalty, high-ranking officials, warriors, priests, merchants, and some artisans and shopkeepers; 2. The class of dependent farmers and artisans, whose legal attachment to royal or temple, or private estates made them the primary rural work force; and 3. The class of slaves; primarily used in domestic service. Penalties prescribed in the Law Code depended on the class of the offender. The lower orders received the most severe punishments. Slaves were mainly prisoners of war from the mountains.Egyptian class structure was less defined and more pyramid in shape. Compared to Mesopotamia, a far larger percentage of the Egyptian population lived in farming villages and Egypt’s wealth derived from a higher degree from cultivating the land. When not need for agriculture the peasants labored to build the tombs of the pharaoh. Slavery existed on a limited scale and was of limited economic significance. In contrast to Mesopotamia, Egyptian merchants had a low social status. For women subordination to men is evident but they are represented with dignity and affection in tomb paintings.Legal documents show that Egyptian women could own property, inherit from their parents, and will their property to whomever they wished. Marriage, us ually monogamous, arose from a couple’s decision to establish a household together rather than for legal or religious ceremony. Both parties could dissolve the relationship, and women retained rights over her dowry in case of divorce. At certain times, queens and queen-mothers played significant behind-the-scenes roles in the politics of the royal court, and priestesses sometimes supervised the cults of female deities.In general, the limited evidence suggests that women in ancient Egypt enjoyed greater respect and more legal rights and social freedom than women in Mesopotamia and other ancient societies. State-organized religion stands out in Mesopotamia. City-states built temples and showed devotion to the divinity or divinities that protected the community. Priests attended this divine image with rituals that reflected the message of the Babylonian Creation Myth that humankind existed only to serve the gods and  a  priest  would actually read from that text to the god ’s image.Many subsequent activities in the temple reenacted the events of the myth. The Sumerian gods embodied the forces of nature: Anu the sky, Enlil the air, Enki the water, Utu the sun, Nanna the moon. Egyptians also believed in amulets and in magic. Religion was state organized there also. A primary difference in Egyptian belief is that the Egyptians believed in the afterlife. They prepared for a safe passage and a comfortable existence once they arrived. The Egyptian Book of the Dead, present in many excavated tombs, contains rituals and spells to protect them.In Mesopotamia, they felt that their deities were not loving, care-taking beings. They felt that their gods were vengeful, jealous, and malicious. This view developed from the many natural obstacles they were burdened with. Geography and climate did influence different and similar development in the political, and religious systems of both Egypt and Mesopotamia. Quite possibly Egyptian civilization enjoyed greater longevity than that of Mesopotamian because the Mesopotamia culture was started from scratch by the early Sumerians where as Egyptians were able to borrow from Mesopotamia.

Alfred A. Strauss 1897-1957 Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alfred A. Strauss 1897-1957 - Personal Statement Example Strauss received his medical degree from University of Heidelberg in the year 1922, and he later served as a research associate at the Heidelberg Psychiatric Clinic (Duchan). Apart from his research work at the clinic, Strauss also served in the Outpatient Patient department at the University of Heidelberg Psychiatric Clinic, in the capacity of Director of Outpatient department. Strauss left Germany in 1933 and he was hosted by the University of Barcelona, as a visiting professor, and it is during this period that he championed and supported the establishment of the first municipal child guidance clinic; Strauss also helped Barcelona to acquire its first private guidance clinic. In the year 1937, Strauss went to the Michigan county school located at Northville, and here, Strauss became a research Psychiatrist until later in the year 1943 (Duchan). This School also had an established childcare center, where Strauss served in the capacity of its director in the year 1946. Strauss was also a former president and co-founder of the Cove Schools of Wisconsin and Illinois- these schools were based in the residential areas for children who had experienced minimal brain injuries. Strauss co-founded the Racine Wisconsin Clove School in 1949 and he became its president until at the time of his death later in the year

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Marketing Plan for the Kidz-IDz - Research Paper Example At the same time, the target market of the company is ready to take part in the educational process for learning different safety precautions. One of the important elements of the marketing plans is the marketing mix or most commonly known as the 4P’s of marketing (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). In this section the strategies of 4P’s of marketing with respect to the e-business are presented. Kidz-IDz presents the parents with different options and products which can facilitate the parents in the process of keeping the children safe. Different kits offered by the company includes different identification details about the child along with the picture identity. The main kit, known as Kidz-IDz kit consists of different products like identification card with photo, medical card, fingerprinting, and several other tools (Kidz-IDz). With the help of all of these tools, parents can make sure that all essential measures are taken for the safety of the children. This product will car ry all necessary information about the child and if he or she get lost somewhere or get indulge in some medical emergency, it will become easier to take life saving measures and contact the parents. Apart from this, the data and information can be converted into electronic information which can be forwarded to different institutions quickly in the case of emergency. Along with this the company allows the parents to update the data regularly in order to make sure that the data is not outdated. All these safety items.

Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Development - Essay Example 47). Thus development in an organizational context is dependent on some key theoretical aspects like: a) Leadership The main crux of any leadership effort is to motivate people to aspire to achieve a common goal and to extend to them the skills and the attributes that could make them work collectively as a team (Rost 1993, p. 39). A leader always has the ability and the potential to gets things done by others through following the right strategy and attitude. However, such attitude ought to rely predominantly on a feeling of respect for and trust on others and must avoid as far as possible, resorting to fear and submission (Rost 1993, p. 42). Hence, respect and mutual trust are the key elements of leadership. b) Motivation It is very common to come across the reality that varied personnel constituting an organizational team tend to have diverse purposes, goals and aspirations (Mackay 2007, p. 24). Not to say that the eventual success of any project is predominantly dependant on the c ollective commitment of all the team members to the envisaged goal. This is mostly a direct function of their levels of motivation. Motivation in an organizational context is a two pronged process. ... to be bound by a common sense of purpose, thereby extending maximum cooperation to the respective group members, the organizational leadership, the diverse stakeholders associated with the organization and the organizational administration (Lantz 2007, p. 12). Teamwork is always the final outcome of good team building and effective leadership. Team building efforts comprise of varied tasks like defining goals and targets, extending and establishing leadership, management of conflicts, and motivating the respective team members (Lantz 2007). Team building also consists of processes like encouraging the interpersonal behaviour that aids effective communication and negotiating the roles ascribed to respective team members and establishing the procedures that go with them (Lantz 2007). It goes without saying that the team building efforts in an organization are certainly bolstered by the ability of a team leader to solicit the backing and support of the top management. Team building is a lso to a great extent dependant on the ability of a team leader to come out with appropriate reward systems. d) Communication Most of the experts consider communication to be the single most important factor that could make or mar the eventual success of any project (Harris 1993). The success of a project to a great extent relies on the effective communication between team members, between team members and the leadership, and between a team and the diverse stakeholders associated with a project (Harris 1993). A hassle free and open communication is the way to success and achievement. Proper communication is the one potent way to better and improve professional relationships between the varied team members. Hence, a team leader ought to learn about the varied communication aspects of the

Agency theory and the question of shareholder primacy Essay

Agency theory and the question of shareholder primacy - Essay Example As a way of dealing with such unhealthy tango that normally exists among owners and controllers such as shareholders, the corporate governance is usually used to structure and clarify the distribution and use of power among all stakeholders within the modern firm (Waitzer and Jaswal 480). In this paper, the role of corporate governance and law in general in ensuring effective power relationships among competing groups within the organization is reviewed from two perspectives. These perspectives are agency theory and shareholder primacy. As part of the review of the two perspectives, key debates in literature on perceived problems and benefits associated with agency theory and shareholder primacy will be discussed. Based on the review, a conclusion was taken that shareholder primacy fails to be a credible source of solution to most forms of conflicts and unrest that exists among various stakeholders within the organization and outside of it. This is conclusion is taken based on the fa ct that shareholder primacy seeks to prioritize the interest of shareholders only and thus create uneasiness with other stakeholders. In common-law based countries such as the US and the UK, power struggle has been identified to be very common because of the separation between ownership and control. As a result of the separation, anxieties of corporate control have often been created between owners and shareholders, bringing about corporate tensions that affect the running of organizations negatively (Jensen and Meckling 309). Unlike civil-law framework countries, the UK and US promote more diversified shareholder basis through delivering good security of minority shareholders (Mallin 11). In most corporate organizations, owners and shareholders have often looked over their shoulders, suspecting that the other person may be having some advantages that help serve their personal interests rather than the

Evaluate and Recommend Advertising Media Options Essay

Evaluate and Recommend Advertising Media Options - Essay Example The assignment will also include advantages and disadvantages of different advertising media options. Identification of target market for the product, ideal communication media, and suggestions for marketing will also be included in the assignment. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of using different advertisement media options. Every option offers some advantages and disadvantages both. The table below will include pros and cons of using four advertisement media options like television, billboard, internet, and sponsorships. The organization under discussion is a fast moving consumer goods company that has been in the market for many years. The company has recently launched its anti germ hand washing product. The aim of the product launch is to cater to the needs of health cautious people, and therefore health safety will constitute a major theme in the marketing communication of the company. The main target market for this anti germ or anti bacterial hand wash is young children and teenagers. Parents and older people are also a major target market for the product. The target audience for this hand wash is health cautious people who want to make sure that they are germ free. This is why younger generation and middle aged men and women are the main target market. Also old people are also careful about their health and this is why they are also identified as a major target market for the product. Young women, who are mainly concerned for their skin beauty, are excluded from the target market for this product. The first advantage of using television is wider reach of the media because many people across the region watch television. The second advantage is the ease with which local audience can be targeted (Pleshette, 2012). The third advantage is attractiveness of the media. The fourth advantage is the ease with which effectiveness of the media can be measured. The fifth advantage is catering to different sets of target

Lorenzo The Magnificent Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lorenzo The Magnificent - Research Paper Example I believe this to be a possibility because of the many works of art, sculpture and architecture that are being made during this period. Much of this beauty only exists because it was commissioned by the wealthy ruling families of Italy. People such as myself, Lorenzo Medici, commission artwork not only to promote culture and the arts in my city, but also to show off the material wealth my family commands. The types of works I commission demonstrate the recent advancements that have taken place in architecture and art as well as convey a sense of the impression I wish to make upon my neighbors and associates. Having been raised in a family already strongly committed to the arts, I hope to one day be remembered as one of art’s finest patrons but remain somewhat fearful that it is other areas of my life history will focus upon. The physical world I knew while growing up went a long way toward fostering my love of the arts, but it also helped shape my personality in other ways. In our Florentine society, it is necessary for princes who can afford it to build huge residential palaces, villas, fortresses, governmental buildings, churches and convents that we can then fill with statuary, paintings, sculptures, brilliantly performed original pieces of music and other fine works of art. This is how we demonstrate our status in our very class-conscious society. â€Å"Art historians bury the why – and hence the sociology – by their excessive emphasis on questions of form and style. Most of the great building projects of the Italian Renaissance †¦ had behind them the urge to exhibit now: to exhibit an identity, to show the power or piety of the man and his family dynasty, and to carve out a space in the city that would belong to that name, that individual and dynasty, for all times† (Marti nes, 1979: 236). These sentiments applied equally to other commissioned works of art as well. At three stories tall, the family’s Medici Palace in

Article Analysis of Gasoline Consumption Essay Example for Free

Article Analysis of Gasoline Consumption Essay Gasoline is one of the most demanded resources that Americans count on to get us from point A to point B in our vehicles, and it is also used to help us heat our homes. Ethanol with gasoline can be combined for a blended gasoline, which is better for some vehicles. The following information is from two articles appropriate for this topic. In the first article, â€Å"Trends in U.S. Gasoline and Ethanol Use, and Petroleum Production and Imports† by Dr. Robert Wisner, a Biofuels Economist with the Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, states that â€Å"Several decades ago, the U.S. was a net exporter of petroleum products. However, that picture has changed dramatically in recent years as gasoline consumption trended upward and environmental constraints on new wells plus declining production from existing wells failed to keep pace with rising domestic demand. U.S. energy policies in the early 1990s were altered to encourage increased production of biofuels, in part because of a desire to reduce the nation’s dependence on imported oil† (Wisner, 2011). The demand for gasoline and oil is unbelievable. Some observers suggest that oil company collusion, anticompetitive mergers, or other anticompetitive conduct (not market forces) may be the primary cause of higher gasoline prices. If the market price of gasoline is higher than the equilibrium price, a negative slope in the demand and curve will result. The negative slope of the demand curve for buyers will mean that the quantity demanded will be less than the equilibrium quantity. A positive slope of the supply curve for sellers will mean that the quantity supplied will be greater than the equilibrium quantity; hence the quantity supplied will be greater than the quantity demanded. If the market price of gasoline is below the equilibrium price will result in a negative slope and if that happens, the demand curve ensures that there will be a greater quantity demanded than at the equilibrium price. A positive slope of the supply curve ensures that there will be a smaller quantity supplied than at the equilibrium price. Hence the quantity demanded will exceed the quantity supplied. This excess demand will force consumers to spend more time looking for sellers who have the goods available, and to spend more time waiting in line if they do find a seller with the good. These search costs and queuing costs will lead some consumers to offer more for the good, and hence the price will tend to rise. Dr. Wisner also states in the article that â€Å"future trends in the nation’s use of these fuels will depend on a number of factors including the health of the economy and employment levels, automotive technology, the rate at which consumers accept hybrid automobiles, and the possibility of a sharp increase in government-mandated fleet average fuel mileage requirements in the years ahead that has recently been advocated by administration officials. Blending of ethanol with gasoline is mandated to increase sharply in the 2012-2022 period† (Wisner, 2011). Price elasticity of demand is elastic when the percent change in demands is greater than the percent change in price. Inelastic is the opposite. So, I would have to say that gasoline is inelastic because the demand for gas is high and even though prices are rising, people are still buying gas, just not as much as they want to purchase. If there are substitutes (such as electricity or liquid fuel) for a gasoline usually will be elastic. If there are no substitutes it will be inelastic because it is a necessity. I know that no one is happy about gas prices rising, but everyone sure does get excited when the prices drop. When the price of gas increases, consumers will not purchase as much of the product as they would when prices decrease. In the second article, â€Å"Explaining the variation in elasticity estimates of gasoline demand in the United States: A meta-analysis† by Molly Espey, published in Energy Journal; states that Espey examined 101 different studies and found that in the short-run (defined as one year or less), the average price-elasticity of demand for gasoline is -0.26. That is, a 10 percent hike in the price of gasoline lowers quantity demanded by 2.6 percent. In the long-run (defined as longer than one year), the price elasticity of demand is -0.58; a 10 percent hike in gasoline causes quantity demanded to decline by 5.8 percent in the long run. In conclusion, if the price of gasoline continues to rise, there will be a decrease in the demand of the product. If the price decreases, there will be an increase in the demand of the product. When prices are high, demand is low and when prices are low, demand is high. The prices of gasoline will fluctuate because demand is always high. References: http://www.agmrc.org/renewable_energy/energy/trends-in-u-s-gasoline-and-ethano l-use-and-petroleum-production-and-imports http://www.ftc.gov/reports/gasprices05/050705gaspricesrpt.pdf