Eulogy for Romeo & Juliet Essay

Citizens of fair Verona, today we gather here to remember the two star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet who sacrificed their lives for each other. We are here to say goodbye to our two lovers, Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. These two young teenagers were deeply in love with each other, but sadly died at a very young age. Although fate has already accomplished its deed, we can still remember the legacy Romeo and Juliet have left at such a tender age. We are here today to celebrate the life of Romeo. Romeo was a kind, handsome, intelligent, and sensitive boy. He always tried to make things right. He is not at all interested in violence. Romeo was a very impulsive person. He was impulsive when he wanted to get married to Juliet very quickly, some may even say too quickly. His only interest is love. When he first laid eyes on Juliet, he had already fallen in love with her. This was a bit of a problem because both families were not the best of friends. Romeo had changed immensely and became a whole new person over the last few weeks of his life. We are also here to celebrate the life of Juliet. Juliet was a beautiful, young woman from the Capulet Family. She was born almost 14 short years ago into the house of Capulet. She has had her ups and downs with her families. Given the sacrifices of Juliet, we all hope that the hatred and violence between her house and the house of her lover, Romeo of the Montague family will end permanently. It is sad that she has been taken to heaven today. In the streets of Verona, let the families learn to keep the Peace. For look at what happened to dear Juliet. May you rest in peace, sweet Juliet. To all of my friends that have gathered here today, I would like to say thank you in helping us remember the lives of the wonderful star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet. I pray that we can live as a single family, and that the houses of Montague and Capulet will live happily for the remainder of days. Thanks you all for being here and staying strong. May peace be with you all.

Lindsay lohan

Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen had planned to spend their 18th birthday on June 13 side by side. But when the much-hyped day arrived, Ashley was left to celebrate without her twin sister, first poolside at the Beverly Hills Hotel and then with a Jaunt to Mexico with two pals. One week later the reason for Mary-Skate's absence became clear: The star, recently the focus of speculation regarding her Increasingly frail-looking body, had been admitted to an undisclosed facility for treatment related to an eating disorder. â€Å"This is a challenge that Mary-Kate has made a decision to face,† says her rep Michael Poignant. â€Å"This is a challenge she will meet. † The admission struck a sad and troubled note for Mary-Kate, who along with Ashley has turned their image as positive, clean-scrubbed role models into a business empire that grossed more than $1 billion in sales last year. Yet to friends, family and even casual onlookers, the subject of Mary-Skate's health has been a so urce of concern In recent months. Although the petite twins (Mary-Kate is 5'2†³; Ashley Is 5'1 have always been slender, Mary-Kate appeared to be painfully thin of late.So widespread was the talk about her weight that the actress herself poked fun at It when the twins hosted the May 15 Saturday Night Live; playing paparazzi photographers, they shouted, â€Å"Mary-Kate, you're so skinny?eat a sandwich! † Sadly, beneath the playfulness was a health crisis. â€Å"There was an intervention,† says someone who has known the Olsen for several years, adding that the twins' father, Dave, and Mary-Skate's therapist committed her to a treatment facility soon after her June 7 high school graduation. â€Å"They finally reached the point where they had to act. They didn't want to find her dead on the floor from not eating. Those close to the star say that there was no single Incident that triggered the decision to seek professional treatment; rather, Mary-Skate's problems had steadily worsened with time. One source says that the change In Mary-Kate, who dates Boston University student David Guttenberg, 21 (his dad Is Trademarks studio expounder Jeffrey Guttenberg), first became evident two years ago. â€Å"She looked different,† says the source. â€Å"She developed circles under her eyes. † Staging the intervention before Mary-Kate turned 18 meant that her parents still had a legal right o seek treatment for her.It isn't the first time her family has tried to aid Mary-Kate, whom close pals call MS. According to one source, after the actress got into a minor car accident about a year and a half ago her father tried motivating her to eat by telling her she couldn't get her black Range Rover back until she gained some weight. Another source says the family hired someone to monitor Mary-Skate's eating. â€Å"Sometimes she was taken out of school to eat,† says a former classmate at Campbell Hall high school. â€Å"During the last year sh e had an adult eating with her most of the time.Everyone knew how skinny she was. † disorder],† says director Dennis Gordon, who helped the twins' spring comedy New York Minute. â€Å"l had a lot of meals with her, and it didn't seem there was anything wrong. † Adds Dir. Drew Pinky, the TV psychologist turned actor who played the twins' father in New York Minute: â€Å"She was the sweetest of the two. But I didn't notice anything. She; hid it well. † Such deception is typical behavior among eating-disorder sufferers, many of whom go to elaborate lengths to disguise their problems. â€Å"Everyone was very angry with Mary-Kate at first,† says a source.She's lied so much and for so long. It's part of the illness. † In fact, both Mary-Kate and Ashley flatly denied such problems in an interview with PEOPLE in April. â€Å"Being in the public eye, you're labeled that you have an eating disorder,† Ashley said at the time. â€Å"You have a drug addiction,† said Mary- Kate. â€Å"We don't have problems! † declared Ashley. The fraternal twins?MS has long been known as the free-spirited one; Ashley as the sophisticated one?have also put on a united front dealing with other recent challenges, including the dismal $13. 7 million box office for New York Minute. We ere really disappointed,† says Gordon. â€Å"They were incredibly mature about it. They said, ‘Okay, I guess we can't open a movie Just yet. Next! ‘ † Showbiz vets since making their debut on Full House at Just 9 months old, the girls have long been praised for their business savvy and solid grounding. But others have wondered if the stress placed on their slender shoulders would eventually take a toll, as it has on other young Hollywood stars (see sidebar). â€Å"The pressures of the entertainment and fashion business are pressures that Mary-Kate and Ashley both have always thrived on,† says a friend.That said, â€Å"ther e's no doubt that the pressure of being successful, running a business and planning for college?that's a lot. † Still, adds the friend, â€Å"l don't think you can draw a straight line between the pressure in nobody's life to this sort of illness. † Says Carolyn Costing, the director of the Eating Disorder Center of California and the Monte Indo Treatment Center in Malibu: â€Å"We look at it like there's a gun, a bullet and the trigger: The gun is biological predisposition, the culture is the bullet and something like the stress of being a celebrity is what pulls the trigger.Not helping matters is the ever-present skinny sweepstakes among young women, many of whom worship stars like Mary-Kate as a source of â€Å"administration,† Shortly after Mary-Skate's appearance at a May premiere, Web surfers on a bulletin board at guru. Com posted messages like, â€Å"I'm convinced she's Ana [a slang term for anorexic]! † Another online follower took notice of Mary -Skate's red string bracelet, which some teens and young adults wear as a signal of their â€Å"Ana† pride and to remind themselves not to eat. (Her rep's response: â€Å"l don't believe that's true [of Mary-Kate]. â€Å")

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Personal Statement - Essay Example I had the great opportunity to work at Glorysky Group and Macau Natural Gas, both of which have provided me with intensive training as well as a valuable opportunity to implement my skills and knowledge from my studies. I conducted research in the global energy market and compiled regular reports regarding energy price fluctuation, which I presented to the group’s executive managers. My research has provided my supervisor with credible information about various topics, ranging from price volatility to anticipated profits due to fluctuations in international LNG demand. Furthermore, I was involved in the provision of risk-hedging strategies to Macau Natural Gas, mainly on interest rates and exchange rates, which are the company’s major concern. My research and strategy has contributed valuably to future funding plans, as well as to discovering the best market opportunities. These experiences contribute majorly to my research proposal. Furthermore, to ascertain competence in this field, which lies outside my economics curriculum, I have endeavored to gain some additional qualifications more relevant to the field of risk management. For this purpose, I studied and passed the Professional Risk Manager (PRMTM ) designation. To enhance skills on the same, I have studied and passed the Chartered Financial Analysis Program (CFA), level 1 and the Financial Risk Manager Program (FRM), level 1. These external studies are achievements that distinguish me from the other candidates; since a significant amount of extra time and effort has been invested in gathering academic knowledge as well as work experience. Initially, choosing my focus of research between agriculture and energy presented quite a challenge for me, since these are currently the two most forthcoming scarcity issues concerning economists. I have confirmed, however, that my interest is greatly biased towards energy rather than the alternative, as I discovered after traveling the world. Additional ly, â€Å"Oil on the Brain† by Lisa Margonelli was a true inspiration for me. She indicated that studying a subject is beyond the scope of simply reading text from books and that personal experience is equally important. Fortunately, I have friends and relatives scattered in various industries across the globe, and thus, I was able to gain exceptional access to restricted mining sites to explore the exciting scenes. In particular, Lisa Margonelli mentioned some of the scenes in her books; sights that could get anyone amazed and completely addicted. My trip to Alberta last year was only the start of my journey. The joint venture of Macau Natural Gas and Sinopec will grant me unlimited access to various energy plant sites in Asia, particularly Mainland China, which will thus be my plan for this year. Furthermore, I believe that I have comprehended my weakness explicitly, which makes my progression to graduate studies essential. My major techniques for measuring price prediction s are through econometrics and mathematical modeling, while employing specific programs, making it limited yet efficient. MSc Economics was also vital to intensify my econometrics modeling. Furthermore, having a better understanding in macroeconomics provided me with a bigger picture of the world economy and with sophisticated quantitative skills. An MSc in Finance on the other hand provided me with the better

Entrepreneurship and Business Management (I) Essay

Entrepreneurship and Business Management (I) - Essay Example The SME in Singapore is supported largely by the Government but it fails to get the financial support that would have helped it scale new heights. Capital is always shy to support the new entrants especially that are small in size. The Singapore SME has made up for this deficiency by way of its entrepreneurial skills and abilities and has entered the International arena seeking resources it could not get at home. They have realized their potential and will be doing better in the future too. Singapore presents a paradox. It is a one nation state that has enormous prosperity but still ranks among the developing nations of East Asia. It is devoid of all natural resources, dependant on imports and yet has a high GDP and an astonishing per capita income. It has only two resource; human capital that has been exploited to the hilt and has catapulted it to its present eminent position. Its labour is qualified and with political stability the system is successful. The second is the port of Singapore; it is Asias largest harbour and is used as a trading hub by numerous Asian countries. Singapore has no agriculture and it relies on four major industrial/trading activities; electronics (60% of non petroleum exports are electronic products), petrochemicals (20% of industrial production), Information Technology (IT) and logistics. Biotechnologies and pharmaceutical industry are becoming prominent as Greenfield areas. The country also has a financial sector that is world class. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) play a major role in any economy. They also employ a high figure of 50-60% of the labour force of the country (Luetkenhorst 2004). This fact contributes greatly to their support of the general economy in providing livelihood to a vast number of the population, even in countries like Singapore. Here they sustain a majority of the working population as well as provide sustained assistance

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Ethics - Essay Example The situation is unexplainable. Indeed the new manger requires a lot of patience, inquiry to all procedures, consultations wit all the stakeholders and apt application of all the business ethics. It observable that, the business ethical conduct should be applied without fear or favor. It is expensive for the company to neglect business ethics (STEWART, 2006). The business ethics aspects touch all the sectors of an organization. For instance, the fairness in trading activities, sales practices, internal audit, transparency and fairness in human resource and so many others. Management, transparency in marketing strategies, safety in production process and many others. In essence, the business ethical conduct is a wide area, which includes numerous aspects (SORELL & HENDRY, 2004). However, there are some key departments such as production, which should be given much concentration particularly on the Delectable’s case. This paper intends to analyze the Delectable’s case in form of questions and providing of opinions. It is imperative to not that, the Delectables’case raises numerous questions on the intentions of both the management and employees. Consider the following analysis. Part A 1. What would you do? Would you blow the whistle? As a middle level manager and with the happenings at Delectables, an ethical manager should raise a whistle to unearth the events and behavior practiced by the employees. Indeed the status of Delectables depicts a rotten society that does not care about the welfare of others. Indeed, numerous questions arise when considering this case. The very first question that needs to be answered through a research is the reason as to why Delectables, which commands 35% of the market niche, is facing financial constraints (SNOEYENBOS, ALMEDER & HUMBER, 2001). Despite the competition created by Prince’s fare and the prevailing overall market conditions, there must be other self caused factors for the falling trend of t he this company. Indeed, from the case, it is observable that, the prevailing conditions in the market space contribute partially to the straining trend of Delectables. A fair part of the financial constraints in this company is a product of the self-caused conditions. These conditions have immensely played a role in diminishing the brand and reputation of Delectable’s. Delectables company’s decline falls further indicated in the fall of the stock price. A thorough research should be done to ascertain the appropriate answers to this question. The perceived research however has some indications of the perceived answers (SHAW, 2000). For instance, the company recorded few food safety cases in 2005, but the recent reports from Georgia plant were the manager reported the presence of Salmonella in peanut butter and similar salmonella food poisoning alleged to have been discovered in the Delectables peanut butter chocolate bars is adequate evidence to link the company with t he food salmonella food poisoning. In actual sense, the question that comes out is the reasons why Delectables refused to release the laboratory tests carried out on the alleged presence of the salmonella (SAGEN, 2002). The business ethics and principles do not give room for limited information dissemination on the status of products especially on the safety and health of the consumers. The issue of salmonella food poisoning might be the major cause of the declining of the company’

Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Article Summary - Essay Example The organization experienced alienation of 15 members of the organization within the first two years since it started operating. The author even states that the committee does not believe that the problems faced by the organization are huge and the problem has helped in replacing employees who were less interested in working for the organization with employees who are more interested. The managers of the organization have failed to carry out their function of organizing in a successful manner. They have failed to obtain human resources that are necessary for the attainment of the organization’s objectives. The organization is experiencing decline in number of members due to which various tasks are not being completed as they are required to an the organization is failing to meet its objectives. The managers have even failed to design the jobs of the employees in a proper manner because due to limited staff, one member of the organization has to carry out various tasks. The managers might even be failing to departmentalize the organization because they may not have enough members to completely fill the department and one member within the department might be carrying out various tasks. Bailey, Ian. "Report Finds B.C. Police Watchdog Facing Human Resources Issues." The Globe and Mail. 23 Feb. 2015. Web. 5 Mar. 2015.

Legal, Saftey, and Regulatory paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal, Saftey, and Regulatory paper - Essay Example The institutions that the US government has created to protect the rights of both the employer and employee include the United States Department of Labor, the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Department of Homeland Security, and Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The legal, safety, and regulatory requirements are implemented to ensure equality and fairness in organizations. Human resource processes that comply with the legal, safety, and regulatory requirements ensure protection of rights of both parties in the employment contract. The employer and employee form a binding relationship once they sign an employment contract. Both the employer and employee are guaranteed some rights and obligations during the contract period; a contract of employment describes the terms of employment that affect both parties (Briscoe, Schuler & Claus, 2009). The necessity to protect themselves against the implications of non-adherence to contract terms requires implementation of external forms of protection. Legal, safety and regulatory frameworks prevent chances of unfair treatment by either party during the employment contract execution. Observing safety standards creates a safe workplace without threats risks of illnesses and injury of harassments. The organization, therefore, is able to protect its valuable assets, which comprise of human resources. The current workplace in the US is standardized and promoted by three critical workplace regulations: the state level compensation laws, and Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and OSHA that operate at the Federal level. The Department of Homeland Security focuses on protection of employees from both external and internal aggression. Laura (2010) argues that employee security has gained much interest in the recent past because of increased violence at workplaces. Employers are advised to comply with this Homeland

Oedipus the King- Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Oedipus the King- Critical Analysis - Essay Example However, in the end we find out that this prophecy came true despite Oedipus’ attempt to steer clear of those results. In Oedipus the King, Sophocles makes it clear fate, choices, and one’s personality all go hand in hand. Before making an in-depth analysis of the story with respect to the thesis stated above, it is customary to make a quick go through the story. Laius, the King of Thebes is warned by Delphic oracle not to marry Jocasta because if he does, the couple would give birth to a baby who would kill Laius and marry Jocasta. Being ignorant towards the advice of the oracle, Laius marries Jocasta. Upon the birth of the child, Oedipus, Laius pierces the child’s ankle and leaves him unattended on a hill to die. A shepherd takes the child and delivers him to King Polybos in Corinth. The Delphic oracle finds Oedipus and tells him that he is destined to assassinate his father and sleep with his mother. Having heard such a dreadful decision of the destiny, Oedipu s resolves to run away from his family so that he would be able to make sure that he never commits the sin. On his way to Thebes, he encounters a stranger at a junction of three roads who happens to be Oedipus’s real father, Laius. Oedipus kills Laius, who is a stranger to him and proceeds to Thebes. As he reaches Thebes, he defeats the Sphinx and is rewarded with the position of the King of Thebes. He marries Jocasta in this position as she happens to be the queen. Jocasta somehow comes to know that Laius has been killed by a group of robbers. After a span of sixteen years or more, Thebes catches plague. As per his commitment with the public, Oedipus searches for the killer of Laius and ultimately gets to know that he himself is the person he has been looking for. Having realized the truth, Jocasta hangs herself to death and Oedipus loses his eye sight. The Chorus mourns the sorrowful destiny of King Oedipus. One of the most fundamental themes of this play is fate and the fa ct that it is beyond human power to escape fate. What is destined to happen, will happen at any cost and there is no way escaping it. This is what has happened with two main characters in the story, i.e. Laius and King Oedipus. By not paying heed to the divine warning made by oracle Delphic against his decision of marrying Jocasta, Laius essentially committed two sins; First, he went against the will of god and married Jocasta. Secondly, the act of leaving the newborn baby to hillside to no one’s discretion put Laius into guilt for the rest of his life. Laius resolved to leave the child alive on the hillside so that there would be at least one per cent chance of his survival (Vellacott 139). To this end, all that happened with Laius seems quite justified and reasonable since he had originally gone against the will of god. What is more important and yet, more difficult to comprehend is the reason for which Oedipus had to go through all the shameful experiences and reach the tr agic destination of blindness. Obviously, this had to happen since the oracle had warned Laius regarding the association of the very future with his act of marrying Jocasta at the outset. So Oedipus had to be the very son of Laius who was destined to be murderer and adulterer. But it seems just too unjust for Oedipus to be the victim of Laius’s mistake since he was innocent in whatever he did because that was done unintentionally and not knowingly. However, the author does seem to make sense for punishing

Non-Profit Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Non-Profit Organizations - Essay Example In general, nonprofit organizations are a significant part of the society and strive for the betterment and development of society rather than as a business models. Usually, nonprofit organizations are categorized based on the beneficiaries of their organizations, which may include youth, senior citizens, disabled people, animals, environment etc. One such organization is the California Adolescent Health Collaborative (CAHC), a nonprofit organization focused on improving and supporting the adolescent health and well-being in California. Its office is head-quartered in Oakland, California. Like many other nonprofit organizations, CAHC is also a public-private state-wide partnership of individuals and organizations. CAHC had an inspiring start by a group of individuals after attending a conference in 1995 held to review states’ efforts to promote adolescent health. Adolescence is the most sensitive phase of human life because youth in this phase tend to adopt various patterns of behavior and attitudes about life, work, career, and other activities. During this phase, most of the adolescents tend to get driven towards risky behaviors and habits, which can turn out to be harmful during later years of life. Hence, adolescents have to be watched and guided at the right time and in the right manner so that they realize the importance of correct behavior and living. With this aim, CAHC was set up to address adolescents’ wellbeing, which was eventually supported by the California State Department in 2001. Currently, the Director Sandi Goldstein is assisted by four other members on the board. The CAHC is supported by about 15-member steering committee, each member associated with an external organization, like school, university, healthcare sector etc. These volunteers are appreciated and recognized for their contribution towards service deliver and achievement of the desired results. The directors on board are also volunteers that had come together for thi s common mission. The CAHC has received immense help and encouragement from various trusts and foundations like Lucile Packard Foundation and the State run MCAH Program. CAHC is funded by government grants and also receives some private philanthropy. The CAHC has a variety of goals and functions to support and promote adolescent health. For example, they help adolescents with issues such as alcohol and drug abuse, behavioral problems, injured and accident victims, homeless, malnutrition and physical health etc. They also provide care for adolescents that had been victims of relationship abuse, domestic and sexual abuse. The CAHC has been actively involved in providing sex education to teens, access to contraceptives, family PACT laws and policies to facilitate access to contraceptive information. In 2006, California ranked first in the US in overall efforts to help women avoid unintended pregnancy (CAHC, 2010). The CAHC’s efforts have also helped in reducing the number of sex ually transmitted diseases considerably. The size and scope of CAHC are very difficult to be determined. CAHC has a variety of goals and has included a variety of like-minded members into its group that want to serve for adolescent health. CAHC also works towards decreasing adolescent suicide rate. CAHC further aims to increase physical activity and

Japan Profile Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japan Profile - Assignment Example The country lacks natural resources and arable lands. The population of Japan is 127.4 million people (CountryWatch, 2009). Tokyo is the capital of Japan. The main religions practiced in Japan are Buddhism and Shinto. The official language of the nation is Japanese, but English is taught in all secondary schools for business purposes (CountryGrams, 2009). Japan’s weather goes through the four seasons. In the northern region, winters can be cold, while the southern parts of tropical weather prevail. The climate is mostly hot and humid. The time difference between Melbourne, Florida, and Tokyo, Japan is 13 hours. The monetary unit utilized in Japan is the Yen. The conversion rate in the foreign exchange markets of the dollar to yen is 1: 93.62 (Xe, 2009). The address of the U.S. Embassy in Japan is 1-10-5 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Toyko 107-8420 Japan, and the phone number are 03-3224-5000 (Usembassy, 2009). Japan’s society is a group-oriented society. The family is the foundation of Japanese society. Employees are very loyal in Japan and people that hold power are respected. Whenever a person receives a favor or gift, they feel obligated to return the favor. Businessmen wear suits and ties in public, while women wear dresses and slacks. In Japan, the traditional greeting is a bow, but when greeting foreigners handshakes is the norm. Women are visualized as inferior to men in the workplace. Yawning in public is seen as impolite. Japanese people are very punctual and offended when people are late for appointments. The Japanese diet consists of rice, fresh vegetables, seafood, fruit, and small portions of meat most of which are seasoned with soy sauce or sweet sake (CultureGrams, 2009). Other popular meals include sushi, miso, and sashimi. The most popular sport in Japan is baseball. Other popular sporting activities are soccer, volleyball, and jogging. Men are raised to become the head of the family.

Soviet Victory in the Eastern Front Secured Allied Victory in World War II Essay Example for Free

Soviet Victory in the Eastern Front Secured Allied Victory in World War II Essay I. Introduction The Second World War (1939 1945) was the most devastating and dreadful in the history of humanity. As the German troops and its allies advances in the western and eastern   fronts of   Europe as well   as in Africa , the Middle East and Asia, thousands of lives were lost and the damaged to property was almost incalculable.   Perhaps fifty million people died, both soldiers and civilians (Perry 713). In the early days and months of the war,   it seems that the Allied forces was in the losing end of the battle as European nations were invaded and occupied by the German Nazi forces.   The Allied powers (Britain and France) were no matched for the German army for the former were not prepared for the war. Meanwhile, Adolf Hitler decided to invade the Soviet Union so that in the Eastern Front a fierce war broke out on June 22, 1941. Victory looks inevitable for Germany as they surrounded the city of Leningrad, and advances towards Moscow and Stalingrad. However, the Russian armies and civilians put up a courageous stand, refusing to surrender to Nazi troops for three years amidst the loss of lives in fighting and starvation. Soviet Union’s courageous resistance to German invasion was a major factor in the Allies’ ultimate victory in Europe, as the Germans suffered critical losses and depletion of resources on the war in the Eastern Front (Perry 700-713). This paper   discusses why the Soviet victory in the eastern front was critical for allied victory in the Second World War. The condition of the Allies in the western front is described as well as the situation in the eastern front where Germany suffered its major losses. II. Allied defeat in the western front By the time that Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, he was already successful in conquering and occupying most of Europe and rendered the Allied forces in the western front almost at his mercy. There are several reasons for this: A. Germany was prepared to dominate Europe Germany’s invasion of other European nations was planned in spite of the world’s efforts to prevent another world war. The Treaty of Versailles, as part of its provision for Germany, ordered the nation to reduce its army, limiting it only to 100,000 to   Ã‚  ensure that it will not indulge in another foolish idea of starting another war which the world had horribly witnessed and endured in 1914-1918.   However, Adolf Hitler, the German Fuhrer, rose to power in the early 1930’s. His first step in restoring Germany’s power was to rebuild its military forces, which the Versailles Treaty forbade. Under the Weimar Republic, Germany had begun secretly to rearm on a small scale. In 1935, Hitler openly declared that Germany would build a peacetime army of 550,000 men. This was a clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles (Perry 696).   In 1939, the German Imperial Office for Economic Planning of Warfare published the results of the census. They had stated â€Å"In the course of Germany’s rearmament, the economic planning of warfare increasingly came to the forefront. As the experience of the World War has shown for a country as Germany a clarification of the economic problems of warfare is of paramount importance for the result of a war† (   Fremdling 3 ). Moreover, Hitler had assessed that a slow form of warfare will only deplete their resources and led the people to be discouraged with war. He had envisioned a quick invasion and occupation through the use of the nation’s resources, advance technology and preparation.   Hitler also prepared the people psychologically for the upcoming war. Propaganda campaigns were successively launched to prepare the population for wartime sacrifices (Overy 2000). Britain and France renounced German rearmament, but neither nation took action. Both wanted to preserve peace. Britain was not prepared for war and France was not ready to fight alone. Overall, in spite of its preparation, Germany could not be considered as superior to the combine powers of Britain or France or other European nations that it had invaded. The Germans had in fact fewer and poorer-quality tanks but they emphasized high standards of training and operational preparation and technical efficiency. Furthermore, the policy of appeasement, where peacekeeping nations granted Hitler’s demands to avoid war, had largely helped Hitler to occupy European nations and territories in the first days and months of the war. He then used the food resources of this conquered nations to feed his forces and use their weapons, fuel and machines for warfare (Perry 699). At the start of the war, then, the German army was already prepared to dominate Europe.   In the years following the First World War, they had studied their mistakes, especially with the use of trench warfare, and opted for Blitzkrieg, a lightning attack that employed tanks and mobility to defeat an enemy before help from the allies arrived. They spent years perfecting the use of the new weapons of war tanks, armored divisions and air power (Overy 2000; Perry 698). B. Allied powers   and Europe was   unprepared and opposed war Despite the increasing aggression of Hitler and Mussolini in the 1930’s, Britain and France were reluctant to opposed Germany. It was because they were not yet prepared for another war; for they had not anticipated that a war would break out so soon. They had dutifully observed disarmament and appeasement to avoid conflict in Europe especially as they had just witnessed the horrors of the First World War. So both psychologically and militarily, the two nations were not geared  Ã‚   for battle when Germany turned aggressive. Moreover, in the years after World War I, Britain faced staggering economic problems.   Merchant ships had been lost in the war and it was losing markets to other nations so that Britain had drastically reduced spending for armaments. Like Britain, postwar France faced economic problems, too, for under its soil most of the wars in the First World War were fought. Villages, farms and railroads had been destroyed. Retreating German’s had wrecked mines, factories, forest, and orchards. In addition, millions of young Frenchmen had been killed or wounded. To help them rebuild, the French had counted on Germany’s payment of reparations. In 1922, however, Germany declared it cannot pay no more. By the time Germany  Ã‚   threatened the peace in Europe, France was able to form a large army but it relied mainly on the defenses of the Maginot Line, its huge border fortifications. Built in the 1930’s the line was a series of massive forts and underground shelters, proceeded by minefields. It stretched the length of France’s border with Germany (Perry 699). Aside from the reluctance of the   two Allied superpowers ( Britain and France) to enter the war,   the early victory of   Germany was due to the fact that other   Europeans, including   the British,   thought that the treaty of Versailles were treating the Germans unfairly   hence,  Ã‚   there was a widespread   German sympathy at first. That is why Germany was unopposed when it invaded territories under the argument of self-determination (the right of national groups to determine their own political status, for example, Czech lands occupied by Germans would belong to Germany).   Besides, communism, led by Russia, was rising in Europe and to many people in Europe, Hitler’s fascism seemed more acceptable and stable (this was of course in the days when nations did not yet see how cruel Hitler really was)(Perry 670). C. United States noninvolvement The United States was a big help in winning the First World War for the allies. Like in the first war, United States at first did not interfere with what happened in Europe. In short, the American people once again wish to stay out of European wars.   In the 1930’s, many believed that US decision to participate in the   First World War was a grave mistake so that Congress passed the Neutrality Act that â€Å"isolates† the US from any armed conflict around the world. The provision of the Act does not allow the US to intervene, participate or interfere in a war between two countries (Perry 699). D. Nazi-Soviet Pact prevents Russia from stopping Germany Although the Soviet Union fought against Germany in the First World War, in the second war it agreed to enter in a Nazi-Soviet Pact.   This pact of friendship and nonaggression was signed between Germany and Soviet Union in August 1939. In this pact, the Soviet Union agreed, in return for half of Poland, not to interfere with Hitler’s invasion. Although Britain and France do not trust the Soviet Union, this move stunned France and Britain for they needed Soviet Union, which had a large army,  Ã‚   at their side especially to defend Poland. Therefore,   because the powers of the Soviet Union was put on hold as a consequence of the pact, early on the morning of September 1, 1939 ,   German troops marched into Poland, and German planes bombed railroad and cities. Country after country then fell to Germany and its allies, the Axis powers. In 1940, Nazi forces occupied Denmark and attacked Norwegian ports which were vital for German war effort. In the next month, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg also surrendered to Hitler, after heavy bombings had devastated cities and terrorized the civilian population. France then fell to German hands in June 1940. With the fall of France, Britain now stood alone to oppose Germany. Meanwhile, Germany became stronger as German troops were feed with the supplies of conquered lands and use their weapons for wars (Perry 700). III. Soviet invasion and victory in the eastern front Historians agree that Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union was Hitler’s biggest mistake (Perry 699). Hitler had ensured before that the Soviet Union will not interfere with his war plans in Europe and the latter had been successful in occupying almost all European countries, and even those in Africa, without any intervention of Russia. Yet he pushed beyond his limits and chose to takeover a country that had been unconquered in all wars, the Soviet Union. In this nation, Hitler squandered most of his military resources.   Two decisive battles that was a turning point for the Allies was the battle in Stalingrad and Kursk. A. Hitler’s ambition While British resistance continued in the western front, Hitler was planning to open a second front and attack the Soviet Union. Even though Hitler and Stalin had made a nonaggression pact, one of Hitler’s aims had always been to destroy communism and seize Soviet territory.   He wanted land for German settlers, rich grain fields to feed the German nation, and oil, and coal, and iron ore to supply the German war machines. To prepare the way for the invasion of the Soviet Union, Hitler’s forces occupied Bulgaria and overran Greece and Yugoslavia. By June 1941, Germany had 3,300 tanks, 5,000 planes and nearly four million soldiers (including from Italy, Romania, Finland and Hungary) massed long the Soviet border. Although Britain and other democratic western countries do not trust the Soviet Union, nevertheless, they were ready to extend aid when Germany attacked it. Soviet Union was included in the United States Land-Lease Act of March 1941, wherein President Roosevelt was allowed by the US Congress to sell, lease or lend military equipment to nations whose defense was vital to American security. Aid was estimated to have reached about $11 billion in war material under that program (Perry 703). B. Soviet Union Resistance and victory At first, it seemed that Hitler was unstoppable even in the eastern front. It was in December 1940 that Hitler planned to invade the Soviet Union after he was successful in the western front. His war tactics in invading Russia was no different from what he had used in the west, which was using blitzkrieg or â€Å"lightning war† that used quick massive attacks on land and in the air. He began his assault in June 1941 wherein he divided his three million forces into three groups to attack the north, center and south of Russia using a series of devastating pincer movements. The Soviets were surprised and unprepared for this invasion so that it took only four months for German forces to penetrate towards Leningrad and Moscow (Overy 2000). Soviet armies suffered enormous losses in the first months of the German offensive, holding back the invaders while slowly retreating. By the first week in October 1941, German troops were only fifty miles from Moscow. The people of the Soviet Union suffered great hardship. In September, German forces surrounded the city of Leningrad, trapping some three million people there with only enough food and supplies for a short time. The siege was not completely ended for more than two years. Nearly a million people died from starvation and disease (Perry   Ã‚  701; Werth 442). As the Soviet troops withdrew, they burned crops in the fields and destroyed equipment. These â€Å"scorched earth† tactics left no food or supplies for the advancing Germans. The arrival of autumn rains and winter snow slowed the German offensive, for blitzkrieg tactics were not effective on muddy, snowy roads. Fresh Soviet troops arrived from Siberia with winter equipment, while the Germans shivered in summer uniforms as the temperature dropped to 30 degrees below zero. The Russian winter stopped the German army much as it had defeated Napoleon’s Grand Army over a century earlier. The attacking Germans were nearing to their target but failed to capture it because of physical and mental exhaustion and shortage of personnel (Perry 701). Despite the setbacks of the winter of 1941-1942, the next spring and summer brought a new German offensive in the Soviet Union. The main target of the German attack was Stalingrad on the Volga River. The city was a vital center for north-south transportation by river, railroad and canal (Fitzgibbon 214). In late August, German troops reached the Volga. Six hundred German planes bombarded Stalingrad, enveloping it in flames and killing 40,000 civilians. By September 1, German soldiers were in the suburbs, but people would not abandon their city. Soviet soldiers and civilians fought house to house and street to street. In the words of a Soviet general, the defenders fought â€Å"for every brick and stone, for every yard of Stalingrad earth†. Stalingrad became no longer a town. By day, it was an enormous cloud of burning, blinding smoke. In late November, Soviet Marshal Georgi Zhukov brought in new troops. They began a â€Å"pincer† movement, closing in from two sides and threatening to trap the German Sixth Army in the city (Perry 702). Zhukov had stated â€Å"It was clear to me that the battle of Stalingrad was of the utmost military and political importance. The fall of the city would enable the German command to cut off the south of the Soviet Union from the rest of the country. We might lose the great waterway of the Volga River, on which a heavy flow of goods was moving from the Caucasus† (Slabad 132). Exhausted and short of food, medical supplies, weapons, and ammunition, the German commander begged Hitler to order a withdrawal. Instead, Hitler’s Lufwaffe commander, Herman Goering, tried unsuccessfully to send in supplies by plane (Perry 702). Finally, in February 1943, the remnants of the German troops in Stalingrad surrendered. In this surrender, it was estimated that 300,000 German soldiers from the German 6th Army was taken prisoner by the Russians and this capture was considered by most historians as one of the turning points for the fall of Germany. The German armies attributed this defeat directly to Hitler who had been undecided when and where to actually strike in the Soviet Union so that his troops had suffered in the Russian winter. Many had felt that Hitler had led his forces to danger in overstretched steppe of southern Russia. In addition, they blamed Hitler for interfering in military strategies when he took direct command of the German forces in December 1941. Nevertheless, in spite of this, there was a general belief among Hitler’s generals that the Soviet Union was weak in the south and therefore was not capable of any serious resistance (Overy 2000). Meanwhile, in 1943 the Germans attacked Kursk in Operation Citadel (the German code name for the Kursk offensive). Kursk was situated halfway between Moscow and the Black sea.   In this attack an order was issued that German tank production be increased to a capacity of 600 units per month.(Fitzgibbon 215). Around 900,000 German troops was deployed for this battle including 2, 700 tanks and 2,000 warplanes around Kursk (Dupuy Martell 76). The Soviets were not ignorant of this attacked for the Russian intelligence and Lucy spy ring delivered to them pertinent information regarding the details of the offense. The Germans planned the attack in Kursk well; they build a defense stretching 250-300 kilometers from west to east (Caidin 74). Yet the fierce resistance of the Russian army forced the Germans to give up long stretches of held ground and before long they had retreated in Dnieper so that instead of pushing inland in the eastern front they were repelled to the west (Overy 2000). Needles to say, the Soviet Supreme Command was victorious in the battle at Kursk and were now preparing to liberate Soviet territories that were overtaken by the Germans in the south. In 1943, two-thirds of those German occupied territories were liberated and slowly but surely the Russians were now pushing the battles towards the west, approaching the borders of other German conquered nations. The Russian offensive would eventually take them to Berlin (Perry 705). Yet Hitler’s potential to conquer Russia was big at first especially if he drove straight to Moscow, the heart of Russia, instead of maneuvering down to the south after he already incurred severe Russian losses. Winning Russia at his side would greatly increase his capacity to dominate all of Europe and remove the Russian threat. However, his mistaken military diversions in Russia had needlessly plunged his troops to face the Russian winter in summer clothing and made him lose war resources. The Soviet Union also had other advantages. The advantage of the Soviet Union to other nations in times of battle is that it is a big country of large army and fierce winter that can stop its enemies in their tracks. Instead of expanding its power, it is in the battle in the eastern front that Germany suffered it severest losses, for they had deployed millions of men there along with thousands of tanks. The Soviet Union was in fact the place where Hitler gambled in the war.   It is estimated that 80% of German casualties was incurred in the battle in the eastern front which   stretches 1000 miles (Perry 703).   Historians were unanimous in declaring World War II was won in the east (Overy 2000). Many historians agree that as long as Hitler was not in war with Russia, he had options and possibilities of winning the Second World War. And even if he did invade Russia, he should have gone to Moscow directly and convinced the Russian people that he was going to liberate them from Stalin’s communism but as such, he was already known for Nazi brutality (Perry 703).

Act I of the Crucible Essay Example for Free

Act I of the Crucible Essay In reading the overture, before any dialogue takes place, we are given a small glimpse into the world of the Salemites. Miller speaks briefly of the town and the surrounding wilderness. The placement of Salem, surrounded by the impenetrable forest already starts building tension. The simple fact that forest is present prevents escape from Salem and therefore the inhabitants of Salem are unable to physically remove themselves from their problems and conflicts within the community. The forest itself is described as: dark and threatening, by Miller. This introduces an almost intangible danger and constant threat to the play. This alone will make the Salemites feel trapped; this pressured feeling being reflected throughout the play. More significant is the way in which the forest is said to be: over their shoulders. This creates a feeling that the inhabitants of Salem are being overshadowed by this great threat. As the play is a battle between light and dark, good and evil, this is particularly meaningful as it shows Salem being overpowered by the darkness. It also adds to the feelings of threat and menace the Salemites feel because it implies an unseen something watching them. When viewed in a historical context the forest serves another purpose. At the time of writing McCarthyism was sweeping America. Although more obvious parallels are drawn later in the play I believe the forest represents the looming threat of being accused a communist sympathiser. The audience would empathise with the Salemites through this shared threat; this link would have been used by Miller to give the entire play more impact. Another way in which Miller creates a feeling of tension is through the language used in both stage directions and in the speech of the characters. Miller uses power words to create an atmosphere of tension throughout the play. On the first page with speech, page six, words such as: frightened, trouble and fury. It is evident from the start that Salem is not the perfect pilgrim village it is meant, and used, to be. The fact that something is wrong in this village, wrong enough to make a minister weep, and react with such violence grabs the attention of the audience instantly. The stage directions are particularly telling of the moods of characters. Page seventeen sees Abigail and Proctor alone for the first time and the tension between them is clearly visible. For example Abigail has stood as though on tiptoe, absorbing his presence, when someone is on tiptoe their entire body goes tense as though anticipating something. This may be a very literal way of showing us tension between Proctor and Abigail. Later, on the same page, Abigail springs into his path. Again the word spring suggests she has been coiled, tense, awaiting his movement and it is this anticipation that Miller uses to great effect when showing us chemistry between two characters. Of all things, perhaps the fear of the unknown is the most potent. Miller uses this from the start and builds tension around the fact that the audience has as little or less information about the preceding events as the characters. As both the audience and characters are apparently in the dark about events surrounding Bettys condition there is again a link draw up between the two, this is used to the same effect as the McCarthyism link. Speech patterns also show the stress of the characters involved. For example, most characters start to shorten their words and speak in a far more rigid fashion than usual when feeling threatened or angry. These monosyllabic phrases litter the play and show the audience the rising conflicts in the community. On page twenty-six this is especially apparent. He had no right to sell it, says Putnam to Proctor. All the words in this sentence are monosyllabic, sharp and to the point. It is these changes that show the audience how the characters are really feeling. Miller uses these phrases to both show tension and to create it between characters throughout the play. Repetition plays an immense part in The Crucible. Specific words such as evil, unnatural and most obviously Devil are repeated to the point where they are appearing almost every page. Only Proctor and Paris seem set against the idea of supernatural tampering and even when the village is faced with a mass of evidence which supports more mundane explanations of events the cries of witchcraft are still as loud. It appears as if the Salemites want to believe Lucifer himself is threatening them. There is probably a lot of truth in that statement. The Salemites had fled England but a few generations ago and had done so to avoid persecution because of their beliefs. Now the Salemites are trapped and alone. It is ironic perhaps that their flight to freedom has in reality increased their isolation. Now they have no one to fight either. They were truly alone; perhaps the manic belief in Lucifers conquest of Salem was a release, an enemy against which they could fight the good fight. Without the unconverted heathens England offered it what was left but fighting the Devil himself or looking to your neighbour for anything that could be seen as an unholy blemish? The Salemites belief in the Devils power in Salem may have been started by the girls but was carried onwards and taken higher by almost all of the inhabitants of Salem, possibly because they wanted to believe in the corruption of their village. This scenario, as presented by Miller in Act I of The Crucible is at the core of all tension throughout the play. Miller makes us see how incredibly dangerous society can be when in the grip of hysteria, the audience of then would have known all too well. Through uses of different devices Miller feeds and augments the underlying tension at key moments until we realise that some dreadful act must take place before the village will realises what it has done. What action could be interpreted as the Devils work in a society gone mad? As we see from Goody Nurses and Proctors hanging, anything.

The Effects of Mobile Phones in Society

The Effects of Mobile Phones in Society IMPLICATION OF HANDPHONES TO THE SOCIETY TODAY INTRODUCTION In the recent years, handphones have become ubiquitous in our society, it have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Handphones have been around for several decades in some form or another. The technology began in the late 1940s, when the idea of a handphone was bring to the society. A handphone, also referred to as mobile or cellular phone is defined as a portable telephone device used for mobile telecommunications which does not needed the use of landlines over a cellular network of specialized base stations. Unlike the usual home phones, handphones can be easily carried anywhere, from place to place. Handphones utilize the frequency transmitted by cell towers to join the calls between two devices. The base stations and also handphones send and receive signals using radio waves. Handphones are different from the cordless telephones that usually being used in a home or an office. Handphones does not have the same characteristic as the cordless telephones as the cordless telephones only provide telephone service inside a limited scope or area through a fixed line and a base station as well as from radio telephones and satellite phones. Handphones transmit and receive information such as voice messages by the use of radio communication. The phone transmits radio frequency signals to the base station and incoming signals are sent to the phone from the base station at a slightly distinct frequency. The base stations connect handphones to rest of the mobile and also fixed phone network. When the moment signals reach to a base station, it can be transmitted to main telephone network. Handphones are looked upon as a modern invention, but their origin can be traced back to the invention of telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1870s and success in capturing of radio message. Since then, these basic technologies have combined and shaped themselves together as what we called handphone. The history of handphones is divided into different generations (first, second, third, fourth and so on) which used to indicate the significant step changes in power or abilities as the technology getting better and better each year. In the first generation 1G, analog circuit-switched technology is used together with FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). It worked mainly in 800 to 900Mhz frequency bands. 1G is the earliest cellular system to build up. The network contained unreliable handover, poor voice quality as well as poor security. As the limitation of the 1G, people are trying to create a newer generation of mobile communication, this is the second generation. 2G introduced for the first time the system used purely digital technology. Even though quite a few of the principle connected in a 1G system apply to 2G, there are deviations or a significant change in way that the signals are handled, and 1G networks does not have the capability to give more features ahead in development of the 2G systems, such as text messaging and also caller identity. 3G The third generation networks are the latest stage in the process development of wireless communications technology. They can support higher data transmission rates and provide increased capacity. This allows them to be used for high speed data applications and also for the normal voice calls. 3G systems are created according to a design in such a way to process data, and since the voice signals are transformed into digital data, this leads to the speech being dealt with in similar way as other kind of data. 3G systems use packet-switching technology, which is more effective and faster as compared with the traditional circuit-switched systems. 4G The fourth generation networks are more reliable. At the present times, more and more companies have began researching and creating the 4G communications system, this technology can have a high uplink rate to approximately 200Mbps, therefore a large number of data can transfer in the handphones. The 4G handphones contain more function such as the television. A large portion of handphone networks are digital and use the standard such as CDMA, GSM, or iDEN. They are all operating at various radio frequencies. A multi-mode phone operates across different standards whereas a multi-band phone is designed to operate on more than one radio frequency. In addition to the standard voice function, current generation handphones can support numerous additional services and also accessories rather than only voice calls or text messaging. For example, Bluetooth, infrared, USB, memory card reader (SD), MMS for sending and receiving multimedia elements, email, WiFi connectivity, instant messaging, camera with video function added, music (MP3) and video (MP4) playback, radio, alarms, memo, GPS navigation and so on. Some of the phones also include a touchscreen to make it much easier to be used. IMPLICATION OF HANDPHONES TO THE SOCIETY TODAY The changes of communication technology do have a critical impact on society today which associated with time and space as fundamental dimensions. The investigation on the structure and dynamics of the network society has shown the emergence of new forms/processes of space and time: the space of flows and timeless time (Castells, 2000). For examples, space of flows are consider of the material organization of simultaneous social interaction at the distance by networking communication via telecommunications technology support, interactive communication support systems, and fast transportation technologies. In a simple word we can call it as the territorial basis of each communication node (network). While, timeless time referred to the random order of moment when using handphone. The great advancement of communication technology greatly influenced our daily life by spreading the space of flows and timeless time. On the other hand, communication technology enhancement does benefit the people, â€Å"distance† can be shortened, and time can be saved. The â€Å"freedom of contact† provided by the handphone means for people to free themselves from the place-based context of their interaction, shifting their frame of reference to the communication itself, that is to a space made of communication flows, based on the availability of the technological infrastructure that makes it possible. (Crabtree et al, 2003) And yet, when society is too dependent on such high-tech mobile, those whom not equipped or forget to bring their handphones will be socially disabled. As what Misuko Ito said, â€Å"To not have a keitai (cell phone) is to be walking blind, disconnected from just-in-time information on where and when you are in the social networks of time and sp ace† (Ito, 2003) Moreover, the availability of wireless communication may saturate time with social practice making other practices cannot be conducted by inserting communication in all moments , such as the â€Å"in-between† time during transportation or in a waiting line (Larimer, 2000, p. A29). For examples, leisure time or working time would be affected when people use this time playing, sending SMS, or listening to music. Mobile communication may have greatly enhanced opportunity of reach of interpersonal sociability and shared practices but lots of undeniable impacts of handphones to the society. Implications of both positive and negative impacts draw up the contribution to the advantages and disadvantages of handphone to the users. First advantage of having handphone implies when someone is having emergency. The hand phones are undoubtedly a lifesaver on numerous occasions. When travelling abroad, peoples still can keep in contact and it become the most convenient way to communicate. On the other hand, having a handphone for some people, gives them a sense of security, they have the knowledge that the can contact and be contacted at anytime of the day. This is especially important where teenagers are concerned, more or so on the female, were parents may worry if they are out late; if they have a handphone with them, then they can be contacted to see when they are coming back. Therefore, parents boug ht handphone for their children to act as a safety device. Through the handphone, parents may know the location of their children as well as the activities their children were conducted. Nowadays, handphone is also use as an entertainment tool. Examples of service that provided are personal organizer, gaming, mp3 and mp4 player, camera, camcorder, Bluetooth, Wifi, GPS navigation RDS radio receiver, and more. No doubt, the rapid developments of handphone do bring a lot of advantages to the world. Short Message Service (SMS) spreads into everyday life is one of the facets in which technological evolution acts as a factor of cultural and behavioural change in the mobile society. First of all, SMS influences the writing skill of both children and teenagers. The length limitation to 160 characters and the challenge of the interface are two main influential factors in the mobile communications. According to Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Ling and Yttri (2002), young users have to improve their ability to synthesize and summarize their messages in order to optimize each sent SMS. Therefore, young users develop a new language that can be defined as a new â€Å"writing orality† based on symbols and abbreviations. The new language is based on phonetics due to the reproduction of the oral language helps to save characters, a scarce resource when texting. According Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Kasesniemi and Rautiainen (2003), messages often bear more resemblance to co de than to standard language and a text filled with code language expressions is not necessarily accessible to an outsider. The unique writing style creates opportunities for creativity. A mistake in one letter such as a typing error can produce a new term of endearment, which may remain in the SMS language either for a short time or permanently. SMS can lead to discreet and asynchronic communication. Texting turned out to be a more â€Å"relaxed† way to inform about feelings and delicate subjects because SMS is not direct confrontation. Users may be more embarrassed to communicate the same information without SMS. Texting helps teenagers and some adult male to overcome awkwardness and inhibitions and to develop social and communication skills. They communicate with more people, and more frequently, than they did before mobiles. (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Fox, K, 2001) The creativity being observed among SMS users is the compression of text dates back to shorthand wr iting, for example for taking class notes and secret codes among friends. On the other hand, older generations are uneasy about the effect this has on the Standard English language as messaging language seeps into formal writing tasks. Besides that, users can now both send and receive images in addition to text using Multimedia Message System (MMS). MMS is normally used by the teenagers to send a photo/graphic or a short video. Real state agents use camera telephones to forward pictures to prospective buyers for giving a speedy edge in a competitive market. Interns are allowed or permitted to send pictures of an x-ray to the senior doctors in order to speed up the diagnosis as well as suggested treatment process. Apart from that, the social learning process through handphone can be identified as the social appropriation or domestication process. People have learned how and when a handphone could be used and, moreover, some old embarrassments are not usually happening nowadays thanks to the generalization of some technical features. New design of devices has evolved in this direction such as vibration or silent modes. The use of handphones in indoor public places entails the possibility of being overhead and disturbing people around. A common rule of mobile etiquette (Crabtree et al, 2003) is to talk in a low voice as noisy users are considered the main negative aspect of mobile telephony in public places. Handphones use has been incorporated to everyday life activities whether they are legal or illegal. According to Crabtree et al (2003), one of the main reasons to purchase a handphone is safety and security. For example, car accidents or main catastrophes in which lives were saved thanks to the availability of a handphone. Besides that, people were able to report to their dearest ones some dramatic situations in which they were involved and even let them know their love (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Agar, 2003). According to Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Ling and Haddon (2001), the device is useful for the coordination of the daily family activities. Almost all the family members are networked and remote care-giving functions can be developed more easily nowadays. This is valid for children and old-aged persons. Coordination is related to the members of a family habitually do travelling. These journeys can be made by car, public transportation or foot, and include diverse activities. For instance, the activities could be to go to the supermarket or to pick up the children from school and drive them to any out-of-school activity. According to the study done by Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Ling and Haddon (2001), the mobile telephony is not significantly changing the number of trips a person makes, but allows the redirection of journeys that have already begun. Micro-coordination is the nuanced management of social interactions and can be seen in the redirection of trips that have a lready started. It can be seen in the iterative agreement as to where and when can meet friends and the ability to call ahead when we are late to an appointment. (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Ling, 2004) Next, handphones are helping, and allowing, communication with and within some handicapped individuals. For example, texting is bringing a kind of new normality in the communications of deaf-mute persons and has facilitated improvements in dyslexic children (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Kasesniemi el al., 2003). Handphones are very useful in particular situations. For instance, vibra-call is a very interesting feature for deaf persons or even the possibility of preprogramming the automatic dial of a given number when pushing just one button helps old-aged people to begin a remote communication. However, there are still some deficiencies to be solved with the handphones. For example, blind persons have more problems with handphones than they have with traditional wired telephones because interfaces are more complicated. Furthermore, our working world has been changed by mobile telephony. Indeed, first adopters of the device were truckers, construction workers and maintenance engineers and the device was used as a tool for work. First affected what we can call mobile workers is the staffs that work both at the office and out of the office considering both long distances travels and short distance ones. For example, a mobile worker could be a commercial that has to visit different clients located in the same city where the office is or in another continent. Although technological facilities to be used could be different, but the situation is similar because as long as the staff is away from the home office, contextual constrains become unpredictable (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Perry et al. 2001). Handphones reinforce networked activity and allow new ways of connectivity to be more easily than other ones. For instance, in long distance travels that need at least one night away from home office, e-mail is generally checked in the evenings, at the hotel room; while the handphone is used more often and, sometimes, as a way of solving disconnection problems which is created during a trip. Moreover, mobile workers who cover short distances routinely also use the handtelephone during car travels. According to Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Laurier (2002), the workers take advantage of certain situations and try to complete particular pending tasks. This includes making calls or going on with some practical and limited business when there is some time between two programmed activities. All these activities are done despite the fact that access to documents and information is usually poorer than when working in the home office. The disadvantages brought along with this fast grown development cannot be ignored. First of all, handphone that provided us safety and protection may bring opposite effects. It might attract danger, the danger of being rob. Example was taken from an article, â€Å"A girl was seriously ill in hospital last night after being stabbed by a gang of teen robbers for her mobile phone. The youngster was jumped by three youths as she stood at a bus stop in Croydon, South London. The gang stabbed her twice in the back and the leg, before snatching her mobile phone and running off, leaving her lying in a pool of blood. She was rushed to hospital suffering from a punctured lung.†(Versatile, 2002) Besides that, it inflicted handphone addiction is also a big social problem. People, especially teenagers are easily attracted by the services provided by the handphones in all time. Moreover, it is a trend to get up to date handphone model makes people tend to change their handphone frequently and this caused unnecessary spending on bills and costs. After all, being fully acquainted with the handphone, people find uses, that they are able and desired to and thus it lead to another crimes call cyber crimes by abuse people using handphone. Next, many scientists do believe that radiation coming from the handphones may affect our health such as headache, earaches, blurring of vision and most crucial sickness, cancer. Thus many people are advice to reduce the usage of handphone although there is still no concrete evidence since this may only appear in long term of using. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS RESPONDENTS OPINION OVER IMPLICATION OF HANDPHONES TO THE SOCIETY Figure above shows the opinion of the respondents over the implication of handphones to the society. The result shows that most of the respondents agree that handphones will bring positive impact to the society. Out of 100 respondents, 73 of them believe that handphones will bring positive impact to the society while 27 of them believe that it will bring bad impact to the society. From the respondents of who choose handphones will bring positive impact to the society, they believe that handphones are good because it bring the people closer together. This is because they could use handphones to contact their love ones. For example, parents could use handphones to contact their children who are studying abroad or far away from their hometown to keep in touch with them. Besides that, they could use it to fill up their free time by playing games or listen to the music using their handphone. For example, people who are waiting for LRT or bus to go to work could use handphone to play some simple games or listen to the music. For the respondents who choose negative impact, they believe that handphones wasted their childrens time because they become addicted to the game provided by the handphone manufacturer. Besides that, some of them also believe that handphone will bring negative or bad impact to the society as those students will busy â€Å"SMS† during the class and pay no attention to the teacher. In short, there are more respondents agree that handphones will bring positive impact to the society as compared to negative impact. WHEN STUDENTS START TO OWN A HANDPHONE Based on the feedback from the students, out of 100 students, 20 of them got their first handphone during primary school while 7 of them received their first handphone after secondary school. Besides that, as we can see from the pie chart, majority of them received their first handphone during secondary school. According to one of the students who received his first handphone during primary school, he said that due to the poor condition in the school facilities, his parent was buying him a handphone so that he could make a call to them if he was in urgent. In the sense of care, this is correct but in the sense of security, this might cause jealousy in between classmates and caused some conflicts. Minor of them received handphone after they graduated from the secondary school. Their reason is because their parents think that they are more suitable to get a handphone after they finish their secondary school as they will be more mature and think wisely. As we can see from the pie chart shown above, majority of the students received their first handphone during secondary school. This is commonly happening everywhere. A lot of the parents will allow their children to own a handphone during secondary school. According to one of the students, her parent gave her handphone is due to the numbers of tuition class that she needed to attend and some other activities that she involved. Handphone make her contact her parent easily and report to them about her current location. Another reason that mentioned by a student is because some fall into a relationship during secondary school time, thus they need more privacy to talk and handphone is the solution. Other reason is due to the peer pressure. One convinced his/her parent to buy him/her a handphone because his/her friend had it. IS IT A NEED FOR THE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO OWN A HANDPHONE TO CONTACT PARENTS DURING EMERGENCY? Figure above shows the opinion of respondents on whether should a child own a handphone. The result shows that 68 percent of the respondents think that the students do not need a handphone while only 32 percent of the respondents think that it is needed. The reason that the respondents think the students do not need a handphone is that the primary students are still very young and they will only abuse the handphone and use it to play games. Even if emergency really happens, the students can always consult their teachers to ask for help or contact their parents using a public telephone booth. On the other hand, the respondents who agree that primary students do need a handphone because in some of the rural school, the facilities are very limited and some school even do not have a public telephone booth. Therefore, it is more convenient for a student to own a handphone since it does not cost much to buy a handphone with a basic call function. In short, most of the respondents think that there is no need for a primary school student to own a handphone. IMPORTANCE OF HANDPHONE According the chart above, we can see that 10% of 100 students think that handphone is very important while 15% of them think that handphone is not important to them. Besides that, between moderate and important, it is only 5% different which is 40% for important and 35% is for moderate. Based on the feedback from the students, they feel that handphone is important because handphone make life easier. They can contact their friends without whenever they need. Besides that, due to the service like SMS, MMS, 3G that offer by the operators, handphones become a need. Other than that, handphones nowadays do allow public to install some applications like calculator, to-do-list, languages translators etc do make their life even easier and flexible. Some even use handphones to watch live show or TV. Another function that comes with the handphone is the camera which is the big temptation and the reason why handphone is important for them. THE IMPORTANT OF THE FUNCTION PROVIDED BY HANDPHONE BASED ON THE RESPONDENTS OPINION The importance of the function provided by handphone based on the respondents opinion Figure above shows the respondents opinion over the function provided by the handphones. Based on the survey, we can see that voice call is the most important function for a handphone. Out of 100 respondents, 57% of them think that voice call should be the most important function on a handphone followed by SMS (20%), gaming (8%), music player (6%), camera (6%) ,GPS navigation (3%) and also video call (1%). Most of the respondents choose voice call as the most important function of a handphone because of the fact that the main function of a handphone is to make voice call to other person. Besides that, SMS becomes the second important function because it is convenient and cheaper way to contact other person. Moreover, gaming becomes the third most important function because nowadays, many teenagers buy sophisticate handphone such as IPhone which provides numerous free games for the user. For other function such as Camera, Music Player, GPS navigation and video call, they are just optional function and it is implemented as an extra credit for the user. Some respondents do think that camera is an important function as they could capture down those memorable moment with his handphone while others prefer music player as they like to listen to music anytime and anywhere. In short, voice call remains as the most important function of a handphone. However, more function equipped inside it will definitely attract large number of customers to purchase it. CONCLUSION Almost everyone owns at least one handphone in today society. Over 50 percent of the population now owns a handphone, and the percentage is growing rapidly each year. During the time when handphones hit the street many years ago, it is a fantastic and wonderful invention that brought to this world, beside providing us the ability to communicate with our beloved family, friends as well as colleagues anytime and anywhere, at the same time, it also brought along a great impact to our society, transforming our social behaviour and made a enormous cultural impact as well. Based on the results of the survey, we can clearly conclude that most people think that handphones are important to them. Handphones can be considered to be a necessity nowadays. There are enormous numbers of additional functions added in the modern handphone, making life easier as well as flexible. The additional functions included are calculator, alarm, to-do-list, stopwatch and many more. Some of the handphones are just like a mini computer which can provides access to the internet if configured. Next, we can also make a conclusion that majority of the people strongly agree that handphones will bring positive impact to the society rather than negative impact. Handphone is a device that enables to bring people closer together regardless of how far the distance between both of them. Handphones bring into existence of massive social change in our lifestyle patterns and also behaviours. From the research that we have conducted, we can observed that the impact of handphone on the society varied in both positive and negative outlooks. Even though there are quite a number of negative impacts of handphone to the society. However, one cannot overshadow the comfort provided by handphone. With no doubt, handphones have successfully making the world look smaller than ever before. APPENDIX Assignment 1: Implication of handphones to the society today. Questionnaire: 1. Handphone is the most important and common device nowadays for communication. Agree? 2. According to your opinion, handphone gives positive impact or negative impact to the society? Why would you say so? a) Positive impact, because __________________________________________ c) Negative impact, because __________________________________________ 3. When you start to own your first handphone? a) primary school b) secondary school c) after secondary school (university time or working time) 4. Is it a good or bad to own a handphone during early age? Why? 5. The students nowadays normally own a handphones. This is encourage by the parents in the sense that student can contact parents during emergency. Is it a need for a primary school student to own a handphone? Yes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ No†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6. Nowadays students bring their luxury handphones to school just to show off. Agree? Yes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. No†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7. Some said handphone is part of the accessories for the body in nowadays. Do you agree that? Yes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. No†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8. How important is the handphone to you? a. very important b. important c. moderate d. not important 9. Please rate from 1 to 6 most important to unimportant according to the function of the handphone. (Eg: 1 = unimportant, 7 = most important) ___ Voice call ___ Take photo ___ SMS ___ Listen to music ___ GPS navigation ___ Gaming ___ Video Call REFERENCES * Castells, M. (2000). The Rise of the Network Society (2nd Edition). * Crabtree, J. N. (2003). MobileUK. Mobile phones and everyday life (Electronic Edition). * Ito.M., D. a. (2003). Camera Phones Changing the Definition of Picture-Worthy. Japan Media Review. * Larimer, T. (2000). What Makes DoCoMo Go. Time. * Manuel Castells, Mireia Fernandez-Ardevol, Jack Linchuan Qiu, Araba Sey. (2004). The Mobile Communication Society: A cross-cultural analysis of available evidence on the social uses of wireless. * Versatile. (2002). Mobile Phones in Society/General A DEADLY TREND. Retrieved from ciao!: http://www.ciao.co.uk/Mobile_Phones_in_Society_General__5176697

Exploration :: Personal Narrative Writing

Exploration I used to have such a pleasant outlook on life; it was cotton candy and soda pop all the way. No, wait, that's a lie. I never liked life much at all. Don't get me wrong I like the touch of a strong hand and the smell of fresh rain, but I have trouble with the fact that no one knows "why" or to what end. I've often hated other people. Sartre said "hell is other people" and I truly agree, but it is a self induced hell. There's this girl named Sarah in one of my classes; she sits in the back of class knitting. "Is my class so mundane that you have to entertain yourself by knitting?" the professor questioned her with a knitted brow. "Well, actually it's crocheting, but I suppose that doesn't change your outlook," she grunted in reply. "I don't think it's very responsible student behavior," an audible sigh escaped his pursed lips. I could just feel the tension mounting in the room. It gave me this hot feeling all over my body, an excitement. I felt so pleased by her punishment. I suppose that is not very Christian behavior, but I also suppose I am not very Christian. Sometimes I feel I should be more accepting of other people, mind you not very often, but on rare occasions empathy overcomes me. You must already feel I am a rather unlikable person, but I don't believe that to be true. As I sit in my four cornered room writing to you, my reader, I suppose I might like you, given the proper circumstances. You see, I am a judge. I didn't want the job. I never applied and I don't enjoy it, but this is what I am. I know it seems impossible to believe that a twenty-one-year-old woman could be a judge, but it is true. I preside over a huge court and everyone and everything I meet is subject to my judgements. I oversee all of it, from dew drizzled lush landscapes to decrepit bag ladies. Right now I judge my fingers and toes and the poor soul next to me. I judge proven scientific experiments and baseless philosophical arguments. I sit and stare at this nauseating orange tabletop in this disturbingly small cubicle. I shiver at the thought of how many fingers have typed on these same keys and the meaningless jargon or incredible realizations they have produced.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

The passing of decade’s, centuries and a millennium, man in some aspects, has not changed. With this passing of time, man remains gullible and optimistic. These two characteristics are essential in the development in the play Macbeth. This is evident in that Macbeth’s fate is influenced, by the witches’ predictions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the outset of the play, Macbeths encounters the witches who predict he will become â€Å"Thane of Cowdor† and that he too, will one day be king. Nevertheless, the witches do not oblige Macbeth to ultimately commit his actions. However, they do place within Macbeth a sense of wonder and optimism. The three witches intruded upon a part of man, which that he is gullible. Macbeth being gullible caused his wonder and brought forth a feeling of possibility. This is evident, when Macbeth tells his wife of what he has experienced. Upon revealing what was told to him, Lady Macbeth further on, appeals to Macbeth to take action when King Duncan comes to visit. Lady Macbeth urges her husband to fulfill his obligation and kill King Duncan. However, it is apparent that Macbeth is hesitant of such action and is at first unwilling to go forth with the plan. Once again Lady Macbeth alludes to the witches vision and with that, lusts upon the possible gains. The plan is ex ecuted and Macbeth becomes King. upon the vacancy of the throne. The witches’ vision is obtained, through the natural human sense of possibility and lust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second encounter with the witches, further reinforce the sense of power in Macbeth and the gullibility of man. Upon this encounter, the witches tell Macbeth that no man can be harmed by. Once more Macbeth believes what he is told and that he is invincible. This feeling of invincibility is shown in the final battle he undergoes, where he is attacking all those around him with no hesitation. The element of invincibility is deeply rooted in Macbeth, due to the fact of the fulfillment of he becoming king. The witches’ influence is apparent, in that in the battle with Macduff, Macbeth once again proclaims invincibility, yet soon realizes that is not the case.

1970 - 1980 Essay -- Essays Papers

1970 - 1980 During the 1970’s, the United States experienced "Watergate," the most famous political scandal in American History. It was a scandal that began with a break in and ended in resignation. On June 17, 1972 five intruders were caught and arrested for illegally entering the rooms of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in Washington’s Watergate Complex. "The investigation of the break-in lead directly to the reelection campaign of President Richard M. Nixon and unraveled a web of political spying and sabotage, bribery and the illegal use of campaign funds" (Washingtonpost.com). Two-and-a-half-years later along with a number of court hearings led to the 1974 resignation of Richard M. Nixon. Nixon became the first President in U.S. History to resign. During all the political drama the United States brought an end to an unpopular war and made great strides in space exploration. The Vietnam War finally came to an end on January 27, 1973 when the United States and North Vietnam signed the Paris Peace Accords. Under its terms, U.S. troops would with drawl from Vietnam. Even though this ended many years of warfare, the "Vietnam War badly burdened the American economy" (Bondi 125). Turning away from the problem of increased debt, America saw technology at its best. On November 16, 1973 NASA gave us Skylab, our country’s first space station: "Skylab offered is an opportunity to do what none had done before – to study the Sun from space" (Eddy xiii). Despite the happenings of Watergate and the weight of the Vietnam War, this ground- breaking space exploration brought excitement and opportunity to the United States. During the 1970’s the world experienced many events, however, there were a few that made history. On... ...od of the piece captured my imagination, and my thoughts for several days" (Michaels 1). Along with Tim O’Brien another popular author during the 1970’s was Alice Walker. Alice Walker was involved in the Black Nationalism movement in the early 1970’s. This group fought to bring economic equality to the African American community. They also wanted to promote a separate identity and a sense of pride. One of their slogans was "Black is Beautiful". This is seen in Walker's short story "Everyday Use." In this story, she involves characters from both sides of the African-American culture. Some represent "new black" and others remain "traditional." Walker is trying to show that African Americans should not be ashamed of their culture or their African American heritage (Raz). In other words they should follow the slogan of the Black Nationalism movement "black is beautiful."

Provided for Me and My Family Essay

Unions have proven to be quite an essential addition to the labor force as it helps fight for the members’ rights. It simply creates a better working chemistry between the employees and the employers; both of which equally important to each other. A better mutual relationship between the employees and the employers would provide a better work output for the company. Hence, the existence of the Union is quite vital in maintaining this relationship. There have already been some rights breaches in the past. However, there has not been any major conflict between the two so far. The Local 743 is a union wherein my dad is a member of. As far as I can recall, they have continued to provide security for me and my family which has been always good for us. The benefits that we have garnered from my dad’s membership to Local 743 have been always great. The Local 743 has existed for the sole purpose of providing and supporting for the rights of its members in the working force, as well as their families. Its main objective as a union, as any union would have, is to uphold the rights of its members. If the union finds something that breaches the labor rights of the workforce, then it formulates strategies to improve the treatment of employers towards their employees. This would create the most desirable atmosphere for the two classes to coexist minus the conflict. My family has received a lot of benefits from Local 743 as it assured my father a sense of security; financially and in other forms that could help benefit us, especially my father. My father’s membership to Local 743 has been quite a blessing for us as a family since it supported us for what we truly needed. Of course, it is not just us that the union gazes upon but for the other members and their families as well; it does not provide special attention to selfish needs. Only the most essential needs of the members and their families are attended by the union; like education for children, financial security for troubled households, and upholding the rights of the labor force. Last year, I was awarded the Local 743 Presidents Scholarship which helped pay for my schooling. My family and I were very grateful for such an honor that was provided by Local 743 because it took off the financial woes of my parents with regard to my education. It definitely cut the some of the education costs that my parents have provided for my siblings. Cutting such costs can help my parents provide me and my siblings a better life and hopefully, a better future. I am very grateful for being given the scholarship. In showing my gratefulness to what was given to me, I strived to work harder and promised my parents that I will do my best in my school. I know that it was not my own money that provided for my education. So it is just most courteous to show the Local 743 that I truly appreciated what they have given me to help my parents with my education, by showing them a great result in my schooling. Again, I am very delighted and grateful. As a member, my father was ensured better job security by the union Local 743. It helped him and his co-workers uphold their rights, making sure that there is no maltreatment done to them while in the workplace or outside of work. It is the Local 743’s objective, after all which my family and I are grateful for. The benefits that we have garnered throughout my father’s membership have been great so far, which we truly appreciate and feel truly blessed with. With the presence of Local 743, my father felt secured in his job and in providing me and my family what he feels which we need the most. My father is grateful for being accepted as a member of Local 743 and for the benefits we have garnered from them. I believe that every member and their families would also say the same thing about Local 743. The rights of the employees are most important for labor unions like Local 743. They would help employees fight for their rights and correct the wrong that has been done to them by employers, or at least what they felt was wrong. They advocate for the workers’ rights which they think are being breached by their employers. The great thing about having labor unions is the fact that they can help equalize the imbalance that is occurring inside the company. Most victims of oppression in the workplace are the ones belonging to the blue-collar group. The presence of the unions makes certain that balance is kept and that employee oppression is minimized. My father’s membership to Local 743 has been nothing less than beneficial for me and my family. Being able to experience the benefits that were given to me (the scholarship) and my family (financial security), I could say that Local 743 has provided so much for upholding the rights of its members and for aiding their families with what they truly needed most. I would like to thank Local 743 for their continuous support for their numerous members in the workforce, as well as their families.

Puma’s Ag Case

pumas AG Case Adalbert and Rudolf Dassler founded puma in 1924 in Germany. The connection was c all(a) in alled Gebruder Dassler OHG, and was inter internally head kn let. However, the two brothers separated creating Adidas and lynx, respectively. Puma had sponsored near of the worlds most famous soccer players, berth itself as one of the most grand company in soccer lieu and accessories. In spite of that, the son of the founder, Armin Dassler, determine Puma to a point where all yield were sold dirt-cheap, ruining the vane image. The high society was not instinctive to wear the brand.In 1993, Jochen Zeitz, became the CEO of the company, and together with Martin Gaensler, the submit chain management chief, applied 3 remarkable phases into the Comeback of Puma * Aimed at making Puma profitable in order to build a strong financial foundation. * Restructuring the whole company * focus in effect competencies marketing, brand management, and product management. * Transfor m Puma into an attractive sports brand. (High- place brand in sport and life-style sales categories). * Sponsoring and advertisement. Pumas major(ip) competitors 1. Adidas Salomon AG * Headquarters in Bavaria, Germany. takings was in every continent, except in Australia, with administration, design, and marketing in Germany and France. * Production outsourced in Asia. * Only supplier covered all sports. * Main strength soccer line, cast out and lawn tennis market. * Known as a brand for the family, satisfying customers needs. * Sponsoring activities on huge sports sluicets, famous teams, and athletes bid FIFA knowledge domain Cup and UEFA Champions League. 2. Nike * American company founded by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight in 1964. * Outsourced part of the production to China and backbreaking its skills on product design, marketing, and distribution. laid in Oregon. * Administrative activities concentrated in united States. * Europe, Africa, and Asia worked only in sales strategies. * brand group young people with the motto Just do it * marketing dodging sponsoring events, popular teams, and athletes. * Introduction to specialized brands * Web-based Nike ID (customizing Nike products) 3. Reebok * Founded in 1895 in USA by Joseph William. * cay market stemwear industry (aerobics industry, womens activewear, and design street & casual footwear). * Located in 140 countries. R & D in China, Korea, and Taiwan. Distribution finished goods via tralatitious retail merchants. * Sales in Gym nightspot trainers. * Reebok female sports shoes were the most famous. * 1992, motley of strategy to American football, basketball, and soccer. * Sponsoring sport events and popular athletes. * Nevertheless, Reebok was often regarded as a fittingness and exercise equipment manufacturer. 4. Fila * 1911, Italy. * Distribution in 50 countries. * Portfolio of sportswear and athletic footwear. * Focus on running, basketball, and fitness. 5. Prada * Italian brand f ocused on luxury leather goods. * Founded by Mario Prada. 2003 sportive line called Prada Sport. 6. Diesel * 1970. Casualwear or sportswear company that became a luxury brand. cougars Value Chain * R&D sourcing, production, and logistics * 80% of all production move to Asia due to fond materials and excogitateable * Manufactured in Turkey and Mexico * It reduces its functional capital and inventory to 21% * The raw material sourcing allowing shortening the production and enabling full quality control of stimulant drug factors. (Inditexs Zara strategy) * Production partners match to quality, determine, and environmental/social factors. Logistics was not a core competence. * Brand management * Turnaround impertinently positioning of the brand itself. * 1980s unpopular image due to heavy toll decline. * Jochen Zeitz (CEO), repositioned the brand * Making PUMA lovable again * 2003, the brand was already positioned and long-familiar and considered as a luxury * Ensuring succ ess, PUMA hired charismatic personalities who could represent and conceive the desired brand perception, recognition, and awareness even further. * Sponsoring several teams such as the Jamaican running team, Cameroon soccer team, and Italian national soccer team. Sponsoring Formula One, entering by the official supply of sportswear for the FIA World Rally Championship, the Ford Rally division, and freestyle motocross plunk for Travis Pastrana. * Quality over quantity and imprecate on innovation. * Following upcoming trends chop-chop and creating trends. * The Puma classic King was reintroduced creating a new market segment of life style sportswear, having in consequence to it a significant competitive advantage over competitors from the fashion industry. * CEO understood the fashion as the new combination of elements of the past. * discipline time for launching a new product line. Puma entered in the play market in Australia and Africa. * Advertising in MTV and in Hollywood movies. * Puma was comprehend as rebellious and snazzy. * Distribution * Outsourcing 70% in distribution logistics. * Building up a ashes to develop its own network in Europe. * Retail activities * Selected partners according to the corporate message of Puma. * Sport retailer did not operated globally only foot Locker and Intersport, Decathlon, and JJB Sports. * There was no price discrimination due to low raptus costs in Europe. * Collaboration with strategic partners and allies Acquired the Swedish company Tretorn (manufacturer of tennis balls), because of the sophisticated and broad distribution system in the Scandinavian market and a very skilled management team. Corporative dodging R&D and design (functionality and stylish appearance products). Launching the New collection sport, lifestyle, and fashion. * Trying to be innovative in every part of the process * Marketing strategy Innovation * Modernizing latest collections and re-launch them Bibliography. Kaufmann, Lutz. Pu ma AG. The WHU Otto Beisheim Graduate School of Management.